L-Arginine supplementation enhanced expression of glucose transporter (GLUT 1) in sickle cell anaemia subjects in the steady state

L-Arginine may have therapeutic value in the management of sickle cell disease and diabetes mellitus. There is very little information on the interaction of GLUT 1 and L-Arginine in sickle cell disease subjects. This study compared the blood levels of Glut 1, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FIns) in non-sickle cell anaemia (HbAA) and sickle cell anaemia (HbSS) subjects in the steady state before and following L-Arginine supplementation (1 g/day for 6 weeks). Nitric oxide metabolites, (NO(X)), catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were also measured in each group of subjects. Correlation coefficients between change (Δ) in Glut 1 and change (Δ) in FBG, Fins, NO(X) and antioxidant enzymes respectively were calculated. Before supplementation, Glut 1, NO(X), GP(X) and CAT were significantly higher in HbAA subjects while FIns, FBG and MDA were higher in HbSS subjects. In both groups, supplementation significantly increased NO(X), Glut 1 and antioxidant enzymes but decreased MDA. Supplementation increased FIns in HbAA but decreased FBG and FIns in HbSS subjects. In both groups of subjects, ΔGLUT 1 correlated positively with ΔNOX, antioxidant enzymes and Δ[R] but negatively with ΔMDA. ΔGLUT 1 correlated negatively with ΔFBG and ΔFins in HbSS but positively in HbAA. Study thus showed that in the steady state HbSS subjects had lower GLUT 1 but elevated FBG and Fins levels than HbAA subjects. Additionally, L-Arginine increased GLUT I and antioxidant enzymes but decreased Fins, FBG and MDA in HbSS subjects.