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Potent Analgesic Action of 2-acetoxy-5-(2-4 (trifluoromethyl)-phenethylamino)-benzoic Acid (Flusalazine) in Experimental Mice
PURPOSE: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors are the most widely used drugs to treat pain. Conventional NSAIDs and COX-2 selective inhibitors, however, cause several side effects such as gastric damage, kidney damage, and cardiovascular probl...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Dove
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9748189/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36531829 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S385617 |
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author | Kim, Sung-Soo Won, Sojung Lee, Ha Eun Ryu, Seung Hyun Choi, Dong Joon Cho, Sung Ig Gwag, Byoung Joo Youn, Hwa-Young Lee, Jin Hwan |
author_facet | Kim, Sung-Soo Won, Sojung Lee, Ha Eun Ryu, Seung Hyun Choi, Dong Joon Cho, Sung Ig Gwag, Byoung Joo Youn, Hwa-Young Lee, Jin Hwan |
author_sort | Kim, Sung-Soo |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors are the most widely used drugs to treat pain. Conventional NSAIDs and COX-2 selective inhibitors, however, cause several side effects such as gastric damage, kidney damage, and cardiovascular problems. Our previous study showed that 2-acetoxy-5-(2-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenethylamino)-benzoic acid ie, flusalazine (also known as ND-07), which exerts dual actions by serving both as an anti-inflammatory agent and a free radical scavenger, is an effective and safe treatment for severe inflammatory diseases in mice. The goal of the present study was to examine the potential analgesic action and safety of flusalazine in mice models of pain. METHODS AND RESULTS: Flusalazine showed a significant analgesic effect in an acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction model. Likewise, total paw licking was reduced significantly in neurogenic (early stage) and inflammatory (late stage) pain induced by formalin in flusalazine-treated mice. In the tail immersion test, flusalazine significantly increased tail withdrawal time at 2 h after its administration. Also, the formation of paw edema in the flusalazine-treated group was significantly inhibited in a carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain model. Gastric damage was not induced by flusalazine even up to 1000 mg/kg, while aspirin and indomethacin caused critical gastric bleeding. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that flusalazine’s safety profile and analgesic effects have high translational potential for the clinical treatment of patients experiencing pain. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9748189 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Dove |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97481892022-12-15 Potent Analgesic Action of 2-acetoxy-5-(2-4 (trifluoromethyl)-phenethylamino)-benzoic Acid (Flusalazine) in Experimental Mice Kim, Sung-Soo Won, Sojung Lee, Ha Eun Ryu, Seung Hyun Choi, Dong Joon Cho, Sung Ig Gwag, Byoung Joo Youn, Hwa-Young Lee, Jin Hwan J Pain Res Original Research PURPOSE: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors are the most widely used drugs to treat pain. Conventional NSAIDs and COX-2 selective inhibitors, however, cause several side effects such as gastric damage, kidney damage, and cardiovascular problems. Our previous study showed that 2-acetoxy-5-(2-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenethylamino)-benzoic acid ie, flusalazine (also known as ND-07), which exerts dual actions by serving both as an anti-inflammatory agent and a free radical scavenger, is an effective and safe treatment for severe inflammatory diseases in mice. The goal of the present study was to examine the potential analgesic action and safety of flusalazine in mice models of pain. METHODS AND RESULTS: Flusalazine showed a significant analgesic effect in an acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction model. Likewise, total paw licking was reduced significantly in neurogenic (early stage) and inflammatory (late stage) pain induced by formalin in flusalazine-treated mice. In the tail immersion test, flusalazine significantly increased tail withdrawal time at 2 h after its administration. Also, the formation of paw edema in the flusalazine-treated group was significantly inhibited in a carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain model. Gastric damage was not induced by flusalazine even up to 1000 mg/kg, while aspirin and indomethacin caused critical gastric bleeding. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that flusalazine’s safety profile and analgesic effects have high translational potential for the clinical treatment of patients experiencing pain. Dove 2022-12-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9748189/ /pubmed/36531829 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S385617 Text en © 2022 Kim et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) ). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). |
spellingShingle | Original Research Kim, Sung-Soo Won, Sojung Lee, Ha Eun Ryu, Seung Hyun Choi, Dong Joon Cho, Sung Ig Gwag, Byoung Joo Youn, Hwa-Young Lee, Jin Hwan Potent Analgesic Action of 2-acetoxy-5-(2-4 (trifluoromethyl)-phenethylamino)-benzoic Acid (Flusalazine) in Experimental Mice |
title | Potent Analgesic Action of 2-acetoxy-5-(2-4 (trifluoromethyl)-phenethylamino)-benzoic Acid (Flusalazine) in Experimental Mice |
title_full | Potent Analgesic Action of 2-acetoxy-5-(2-4 (trifluoromethyl)-phenethylamino)-benzoic Acid (Flusalazine) in Experimental Mice |
title_fullStr | Potent Analgesic Action of 2-acetoxy-5-(2-4 (trifluoromethyl)-phenethylamino)-benzoic Acid (Flusalazine) in Experimental Mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Potent Analgesic Action of 2-acetoxy-5-(2-4 (trifluoromethyl)-phenethylamino)-benzoic Acid (Flusalazine) in Experimental Mice |
title_short | Potent Analgesic Action of 2-acetoxy-5-(2-4 (trifluoromethyl)-phenethylamino)-benzoic Acid (Flusalazine) in Experimental Mice |
title_sort | potent analgesic action of 2-acetoxy-5-(2-4 (trifluoromethyl)-phenethylamino)-benzoic acid (flusalazine) in experimental mice |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9748189/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36531829 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S385617 |
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