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Perception of discrimination against immigrants compared to Chilean-born and its relationship with access to services and health outcomes

OBJECTIVES: Compare self-perceived discrimination between immigrants and locals in Chile and analyze the relationship between immigration and perceived discrimination and immigration, discrimination and health outcomes, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and social capital. METHODS: Cros...

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Autores principales: Oyarte, Marcela, Cabieses, Báltica, Espinoza, Manuel, Valenzuela, María Teresa, Delgado, Iris
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo 2022
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9749657/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36629712
http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004125
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author Oyarte, Marcela
Cabieses, Báltica
Espinoza, Manuel
Valenzuela, María Teresa
Delgado, Iris
author_facet Oyarte, Marcela
Cabieses, Báltica
Espinoza, Manuel
Valenzuela, María Teresa
Delgado, Iris
author_sort Oyarte, Marcela
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: Compare self-perceived discrimination between immigrants and locals in Chile and analyze the relationship between immigration and perceived discrimination and immigration, discrimination and health outcomes, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and social capital. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, using population-based survey (CASEN2017). We selected 2,409 immigrants (representative of N = 291,270) and 67,857 locals (representative of N = 5,438,036) over 18 years of age surveyed. We estimated logistic regression models, considering the complex sample, with discrimination, self-rated health, medical treatment, healthcare system membership, complementary health insurance, medical consultation and problems when consulting as dependent variables, immigration and discrimination as main exposure variables, and social capital and sociodemographic variables as covariates of the models. RESULTS: Immigrants were more likely to perceive discrimination in general compared to locals (OR = 2.31; 95%CI: 1.9-2.9). However, this does not occur for all specific reasons for discrimination; skin color and physical appearance were the most frequent causes of discrimination in immigrants. The interaction between immigration and discrimination was significantly related to worse self-rated health outcomes and treatment for pathologies, disfavoring discrimination against immigrants. In both locals and immigrants, discrimination was not associated with health care access outcomes, except for problems during consultation in locals (OR = 1.61; 95%CI 1.4-1.8). CONCLUSIONS: In Chile, experiences of discrimination are intertwined with other forms of rejection and social exclusion, so it is urgent to raise awareness among the population to prevent these discriminatory practices, especially in health care and daily use places. It is essential to address discrimination in order to have an impact on intermediate variables and health outcomes. The extension of the results to the entire immigrant population could be very useful to deepen the problem and improve the estimates made.
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spelling pubmed-97496572022-12-16 Perception of discrimination against immigrants compared to Chilean-born and its relationship with access to services and health outcomes Oyarte, Marcela Cabieses, Báltica Espinoza, Manuel Valenzuela, María Teresa Delgado, Iris Rev Saude Publica Original Article OBJECTIVES: Compare self-perceived discrimination between immigrants and locals in Chile and analyze the relationship between immigration and perceived discrimination and immigration, discrimination and health outcomes, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and social capital. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, using population-based survey (CASEN2017). We selected 2,409 immigrants (representative of N = 291,270) and 67,857 locals (representative of N = 5,438,036) over 18 years of age surveyed. We estimated logistic regression models, considering the complex sample, with discrimination, self-rated health, medical treatment, healthcare system membership, complementary health insurance, medical consultation and problems when consulting as dependent variables, immigration and discrimination as main exposure variables, and social capital and sociodemographic variables as covariates of the models. RESULTS: Immigrants were more likely to perceive discrimination in general compared to locals (OR = 2.31; 95%CI: 1.9-2.9). However, this does not occur for all specific reasons for discrimination; skin color and physical appearance were the most frequent causes of discrimination in immigrants. The interaction between immigration and discrimination was significantly related to worse self-rated health outcomes and treatment for pathologies, disfavoring discrimination against immigrants. In both locals and immigrants, discrimination was not associated with health care access outcomes, except for problems during consultation in locals (OR = 1.61; 95%CI 1.4-1.8). CONCLUSIONS: In Chile, experiences of discrimination are intertwined with other forms of rejection and social exclusion, so it is urgent to raise awareness among the population to prevent these discriminatory practices, especially in health care and daily use places. It is essential to address discrimination in order to have an impact on intermediate variables and health outcomes. The extension of the results to the entire immigrant population could be very useful to deepen the problem and improve the estimates made. Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo 2022-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9749657/ /pubmed/36629712 http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004125 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Article
Oyarte, Marcela
Cabieses, Báltica
Espinoza, Manuel
Valenzuela, María Teresa
Delgado, Iris
Perception of discrimination against immigrants compared to Chilean-born and its relationship with access to services and health outcomes
title Perception of discrimination against immigrants compared to Chilean-born and its relationship with access to services and health outcomes
title_full Perception of discrimination against immigrants compared to Chilean-born and its relationship with access to services and health outcomes
title_fullStr Perception of discrimination against immigrants compared to Chilean-born and its relationship with access to services and health outcomes
title_full_unstemmed Perception of discrimination against immigrants compared to Chilean-born and its relationship with access to services and health outcomes
title_short Perception of discrimination against immigrants compared to Chilean-born and its relationship with access to services and health outcomes
title_sort perception of discrimination against immigrants compared to chilean-born and its relationship with access to services and health outcomes
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9749657/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36629712
http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004125
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