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COVID-19 related moral injury: Associations with pandemic-related perceived threat and risky and protective behaviors
BACKGROUND: The coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with increased potential for morally injurious events, during which individuals may experience, witness, or learn about situations that violate deeply held moral beliefs. However, it is unknown how pandemic risk and resilience factor...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier Ltd.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9749911/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34330024 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.037 |
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author | Khan, A.J. Nishimi, K. Tripp, P. Maven, D. Jiha, A. Woodward, E. Inslicht, S. Richards, A. Neylan, T.C. Maguen, S. O'Donovan, A. |
author_facet | Khan, A.J. Nishimi, K. Tripp, P. Maven, D. Jiha, A. Woodward, E. Inslicht, S. Richards, A. Neylan, T.C. Maguen, S. O'Donovan, A. |
author_sort | Khan, A.J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with increased potential for morally injurious events, during which individuals may experience, witness, or learn about situations that violate deeply held moral beliefs. However, it is unknown how pandemic risk and resilience factors are associated with COVID-related moral injury. METHODS: Individuals residing in the U.S. (N = 839; M(age) = 37.09, SD = 11.06; 78% women; 63% White; 33% PTSD) participating in an online survey reported on COVID-19 related moral injury (modified Moral Injury Events Scale), perceived current and future threat of pandemic on life domains (social, financial, health), and COVID-19 risky and protective behaviors. Multivariate linear regressions examined associations of perceived threat and risky and protective behaviors on type of COVID-19 related moral injury (betrayal, transgression by others, self). RESULTS: Participants endorsed MI betrayal (57%, N = 482), transgression by other (59%, N = 497), and by self 17% (N = 145). Adjusting for sociodemographics, only future threat of COVID-19 to health was significantly associated with betrayal (B = 0.21, p = .001) and transgression by other (B = 0.16, p = .01), but not by self. In contrast, high frequency of risky behaviors was associated with transgressions by self (B = 0.23, p < .001). Sensitivity analyses showed PTSD did not moderate the observed effects. CONCLUSIONS: Betrayal and transgression by others was associated with greater perceived future threat of COVID-19 to health, but not financial or social domains. Stronger endorsement of transgression by self was associated with more frequently engaging in risky behaviors for contracting COVID-19. These findings may suggest the need for individual, community, and system level interventions to address COVID-19 related moral injury. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9749911 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elsevier Ltd. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97499112022-12-15 COVID-19 related moral injury: Associations with pandemic-related perceived threat and risky and protective behaviors Khan, A.J. Nishimi, K. Tripp, P. Maven, D. Jiha, A. Woodward, E. Inslicht, S. Richards, A. Neylan, T.C. Maguen, S. O'Donovan, A. J Psychiatr Res Article BACKGROUND: The coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with increased potential for morally injurious events, during which individuals may experience, witness, or learn about situations that violate deeply held moral beliefs. However, it is unknown how pandemic risk and resilience factors are associated with COVID-related moral injury. METHODS: Individuals residing in the U.S. (N = 839; M(age) = 37.09, SD = 11.06; 78% women; 63% White; 33% PTSD) participating in an online survey reported on COVID-19 related moral injury (modified Moral Injury Events Scale), perceived current and future threat of pandemic on life domains (social, financial, health), and COVID-19 risky and protective behaviors. Multivariate linear regressions examined associations of perceived threat and risky and protective behaviors on type of COVID-19 related moral injury (betrayal, transgression by others, self). RESULTS: Participants endorsed MI betrayal (57%, N = 482), transgression by other (59%, N = 497), and by self 17% (N = 145). Adjusting for sociodemographics, only future threat of COVID-19 to health was significantly associated with betrayal (B = 0.21, p = .001) and transgression by other (B = 0.16, p = .01), but not by self. In contrast, high frequency of risky behaviors was associated with transgressions by self (B = 0.23, p < .001). Sensitivity analyses showed PTSD did not moderate the observed effects. CONCLUSIONS: Betrayal and transgression by others was associated with greater perceived future threat of COVID-19 to health, but not financial or social domains. Stronger endorsement of transgression by self was associated with more frequently engaging in risky behaviors for contracting COVID-19. These findings may suggest the need for individual, community, and system level interventions to address COVID-19 related moral injury. Elsevier Ltd. 2021-10 2021-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9749911/ /pubmed/34330024 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.037 Text en © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Khan, A.J. Nishimi, K. Tripp, P. Maven, D. Jiha, A. Woodward, E. Inslicht, S. Richards, A. Neylan, T.C. Maguen, S. O'Donovan, A. COVID-19 related moral injury: Associations with pandemic-related perceived threat and risky and protective behaviors |
title | COVID-19 related moral injury: Associations with pandemic-related perceived threat and risky and protective behaviors |
title_full | COVID-19 related moral injury: Associations with pandemic-related perceived threat and risky and protective behaviors |
title_fullStr | COVID-19 related moral injury: Associations with pandemic-related perceived threat and risky and protective behaviors |
title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19 related moral injury: Associations with pandemic-related perceived threat and risky and protective behaviors |
title_short | COVID-19 related moral injury: Associations with pandemic-related perceived threat and risky and protective behaviors |
title_sort | covid-19 related moral injury: associations with pandemic-related perceived threat and risky and protective behaviors |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9749911/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34330024 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.037 |
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