Lung transplantation in a woman with paraquat poisoning that led to pulmonary fibrosis—Widely reported by the media: A case report

Paraquat is an extremely toxic herbicide with a high mortality rate on poisoning. It can damage vital organs, such as the lungs, liver, heart, and kidneys. In this study, we report a case of pulmonary fibrosis after paraquat poisoning in a patient who underwent a lung transplant procedure after preoperative administration of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents and continuous noninvasive ventilation support therapy. PATIENT CONCERNS: An 18-year-old student was hospitalized owing to diarrhea, chest pain, and gradually evolving dyspnea. DIAGNOSES: Owing to the inability to estimate the intake concentration and dose, paraquat was only detected in the urine on the 13th day, resulting in rapid progression of the disease and severe pulmonary fibrosis. INTERVENTIONS: Extensive media coverage has attracted the attention of all sectors of society. The patient received financial assistance; thus, she could receive a double-lung transplant with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support on the 34th day after the poisoning. OUTCOMES: Postoperatively, the girl was actively rehabilitated, adhered to anti-rejection medication, followed up regularly, and had a good prognosis. LESSONS: Lung transplantation is currently the most effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis, and mass media campaigns can provide economic support, influence potential organ donation, and provide such patients more chances to survive.