Bladder triangle amyloidosis: A case report and literature review

Amyloidosis is a group of benign lesions characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloid proteins. Amyloidosis lesions can occur in various organs of the body, but rarely in the urinary system. Amyloidosis in the bladder trigone is extremely rare. PATIENT CONCERNS: An 80-year-old female patient presented with painless whole-course gross hematuria with reddish urine and no blood clots, accompanied by right lumbar discomfort. DIAGNOSIS: Based on the patient’s medical history and cystoscopy findings, the relevant literature was reviewed and a preoperative diagnosis of bladder tumor was made, although bladder amyloidosis was not excluded. Postoperative pathology ultimately revealed bladder amyloidosis. INTERVENTIONS: The patient underwent resection of bladder tumor and ureteral stent implantation. Postoperatively, the patient was maintained on antibiotics and oral colchicine treatment. OUTCOMES: Two months after surgery the patient reported that the gross hematuria had disappeared, and that the right lumbar discomfort was significantly relieved. Cystoscopy showed no obvious recurrence in the operative area, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested recurrence. The patient refused partial cystectomy, and the ureteral stent was removed. LESSON: The clinical manifestations of bladder amyloidosis are nonspecific, and under cystoscopy can be easily confused with bladder tumors. Accurate diagnosis of bladder amyloidosis relies on histopathology. Transurethral resection of bladder tumors or partial cystectomy is an option for surgical treatment; the latter should be performed if the ureteral opening is involved.