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New methods for the diagnosis and monitoring of cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes

The presence of type 2 diabetes acts as an accelerator of cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment and later dementia), with a significant impact on the management of the disease and its complications. Therefore, it is recommended to perform an annual evaluation of cognitive function in patie...

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Autores principales: Ciudin, Andreea, Simó, Rafael
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9751391/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36531450
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1024794
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author Ciudin, Andreea
Simó, Rafael
author_facet Ciudin, Andreea
Simó, Rafael
author_sort Ciudin, Andreea
collection PubMed
description The presence of type 2 diabetes acts as an accelerator of cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment and later dementia), with a significant impact on the management of the disease and its complications. Therefore, it is recommended to perform an annual evaluation of cognitive function in patients with diabetes older than 65 years. Current guidelines still recommend the use of the Minimental State Evaluation Test (MMSE) as screening test, but it has a modest sensitivity and specificity for identifying mild cognitive impairment. This represents an important gap because patients with mild cognitive impairment are at risk of progressing to dementia. The neurocognitive diagnosis is based on complex neuropsychological tests, which require specifically trained personnel and are time consuming, making its routine incorporation into daily clinical practice unfeasible. Therefore, at present there are no reliable biomarkers to identify patients with type 2 diabetes at increased risk of developing cognitive impairment. Since the brain and the retina have a common embryological origin, our Research Group, has worked over the last 10 years evaluating the usefulness of the retina as a “window” to the brain. We provided evidence that retinal microperimetry is a simple, feasible and useful tool for screening and monitoring cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes. We propose a review of actual tests recommended for screening of cognitive impairment as well as an update of new emerging methods, such as retinal microperimetry.
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spelling pubmed-97513912022-12-16 New methods for the diagnosis and monitoring of cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes Ciudin, Andreea Simó, Rafael Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology The presence of type 2 diabetes acts as an accelerator of cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment and later dementia), with a significant impact on the management of the disease and its complications. Therefore, it is recommended to perform an annual evaluation of cognitive function in patients with diabetes older than 65 years. Current guidelines still recommend the use of the Minimental State Evaluation Test (MMSE) as screening test, but it has a modest sensitivity and specificity for identifying mild cognitive impairment. This represents an important gap because patients with mild cognitive impairment are at risk of progressing to dementia. The neurocognitive diagnosis is based on complex neuropsychological tests, which require specifically trained personnel and are time consuming, making its routine incorporation into daily clinical practice unfeasible. Therefore, at present there are no reliable biomarkers to identify patients with type 2 diabetes at increased risk of developing cognitive impairment. Since the brain and the retina have a common embryological origin, our Research Group, has worked over the last 10 years evaluating the usefulness of the retina as a “window” to the brain. We provided evidence that retinal microperimetry is a simple, feasible and useful tool for screening and monitoring cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes. We propose a review of actual tests recommended for screening of cognitive impairment as well as an update of new emerging methods, such as retinal microperimetry. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9751391/ /pubmed/36531450 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1024794 Text en Copyright © 2022 Ciudin and Simó https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Endocrinology
Ciudin, Andreea
Simó, Rafael
New methods for the diagnosis and monitoring of cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes
title New methods for the diagnosis and monitoring of cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes
title_full New methods for the diagnosis and monitoring of cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes
title_fullStr New methods for the diagnosis and monitoring of cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes
title_full_unstemmed New methods for the diagnosis and monitoring of cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes
title_short New methods for the diagnosis and monitoring of cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes
title_sort new methods for the diagnosis and monitoring of cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes
topic Endocrinology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9751391/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36531450
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1024794
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