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The scar that takes time to heal: A systematic review of COVID-19-related stigma targets, antecedents, and outcomes
COVID-19, as a crucial public health crisis, has affected our lives in nearly every aspect. Besides its major health threats, COVID-19 brings severe secondary impacts, one of which is the rise of social stigma. Although numerous studies have examined the antecedents and outcomes of COVID-19-related...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9752089/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36533056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1026712 |
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author | Zhou, Xiang Chen, Chen Yao, Yuewei Xia, Jingtian Cao, Limei Qin, Xin |
author_facet | Zhou, Xiang Chen, Chen Yao, Yuewei Xia, Jingtian Cao, Limei Qin, Xin |
author_sort | Zhou, Xiang |
collection | PubMed |
description | COVID-19, as a crucial public health crisis, has affected our lives in nearly every aspect. Besides its major health threats, COVID-19 brings severe secondary impacts, one of which is the rise of social stigma. Although numerous studies have examined the antecedents and outcomes of COVID-19-related stigma, we still lack a systematic understanding of who is being stigmatized during the COVID-19 pandemic, what exacerbates COVID-19-related stigma, and what impacts COVID-19-related stigma has on victims. Therefore, this review aims to provide a systematic overview of COVID-19-related stigma. With 93 papers conducted with 126,371 individuals in more than 150 countries and territories spanning five continents, we identify three targets that have received the most research: Chinese/Asian people, (suspected) patients and survivors, and healthcare workers. Furthermore, we find that for each stigma target, characteristics of the stigmatized, stigmatizer, and context contribute to COVID-19-related stigma and that this stigma negatively influences victims' health and non-health outcomes. We call for future research to provide a more integrative, balanced, and rigorous picture of COVID-19-related stigma via conducting research on neglected topics (e.g., contextual factors that contribute to stigma toward HCWs) and stigma interventions and using a longitudinal design. In practice, we urge governments and institutions (e.g., ministries of public health, hospitals) to pay close attention to stigma issues and to promote safe and inclusive societies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9752089 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97520892022-12-16 The scar that takes time to heal: A systematic review of COVID-19-related stigma targets, antecedents, and outcomes Zhou, Xiang Chen, Chen Yao, Yuewei Xia, Jingtian Cao, Limei Qin, Xin Front Psychol Psychology COVID-19, as a crucial public health crisis, has affected our lives in nearly every aspect. Besides its major health threats, COVID-19 brings severe secondary impacts, one of which is the rise of social stigma. Although numerous studies have examined the antecedents and outcomes of COVID-19-related stigma, we still lack a systematic understanding of who is being stigmatized during the COVID-19 pandemic, what exacerbates COVID-19-related stigma, and what impacts COVID-19-related stigma has on victims. Therefore, this review aims to provide a systematic overview of COVID-19-related stigma. With 93 papers conducted with 126,371 individuals in more than 150 countries and territories spanning five continents, we identify three targets that have received the most research: Chinese/Asian people, (suspected) patients and survivors, and healthcare workers. Furthermore, we find that for each stigma target, characteristics of the stigmatized, stigmatizer, and context contribute to COVID-19-related stigma and that this stigma negatively influences victims' health and non-health outcomes. We call for future research to provide a more integrative, balanced, and rigorous picture of COVID-19-related stigma via conducting research on neglected topics (e.g., contextual factors that contribute to stigma toward HCWs) and stigma interventions and using a longitudinal design. In practice, we urge governments and institutions (e.g., ministries of public health, hospitals) to pay close attention to stigma issues and to promote safe and inclusive societies. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9752089/ /pubmed/36533056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1026712 Text en Copyright © 2022 Zhou, Chen, Yao, Xia, Cao and Qin. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Zhou, Xiang Chen, Chen Yao, Yuewei Xia, Jingtian Cao, Limei Qin, Xin The scar that takes time to heal: A systematic review of COVID-19-related stigma targets, antecedents, and outcomes |
title | The scar that takes time to heal: A systematic review of COVID-19-related stigma targets, antecedents, and outcomes |
title_full | The scar that takes time to heal: A systematic review of COVID-19-related stigma targets, antecedents, and outcomes |
title_fullStr | The scar that takes time to heal: A systematic review of COVID-19-related stigma targets, antecedents, and outcomes |
title_full_unstemmed | The scar that takes time to heal: A systematic review of COVID-19-related stigma targets, antecedents, and outcomes |
title_short | The scar that takes time to heal: A systematic review of COVID-19-related stigma targets, antecedents, and outcomes |
title_sort | scar that takes time to heal: a systematic review of covid-19-related stigma targets, antecedents, and outcomes |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9752089/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36533056 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1026712 |
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