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The probability of diagnostic delays for tuberculosis and its associated risk factors in northwest Iran from 2005 to 2016: a survival analysis using tuberculosis surveillance data
OBJECTIVES: Early diagnosis is essential for effective tuberculosis (TB) control programs. Therefore, this study examined the risk of delays in TB diagnosis and associated factors in Ardabil Province in northwest Iran from 2005 to 2016. METHODS: This longitudinal retrospective cohort study was condu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Korean Society of Epidemiology
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9754906/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35879855 http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022060 |
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author | Ebrahimoghli, Reza Ghobadi, Hassan Adham, Davoud Jangi, Parviz Abbasi-Ghahramanloo, Abbas Moradi-Asl, Eslam |
author_facet | Ebrahimoghli, Reza Ghobadi, Hassan Adham, Davoud Jangi, Parviz Abbasi-Ghahramanloo, Abbas Moradi-Asl, Eslam |
author_sort | Ebrahimoghli, Reza |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: Early diagnosis is essential for effective tuberculosis (TB) control programs. Therefore, this study examined the risk of delays in TB diagnosis and associated factors in Ardabil Province in northwest Iran from 2005 to 2016. METHODS: This longitudinal retrospective cohort study was conducted using data obtained from the Iranian National Tuberculosis Control Program at the provincial level between 2005 and 2016. The total delay in diagnosis was defined as the time interval (days) between the onset of symptoms and TB diagnosis. Survival analysis was conducted to analyze the delay in diagnosis. Associated factors were identified using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: A total of 1,367 new TB cases were identified. The 12-year median diagnostic delay was 45 days (interquartile range [IQR], 30-87). The annual median diagnostic delay decreased from 68 days (IQR, 33-131) in 2005 to 31 days (IQR, 30-62) in 2016. The probability of a delay in TB diagnosis decreased by 5.0% each year (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.07). Residence in a non-capital county (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.92) and referral from the private health system (HR, 0.74%; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.84) were significantly associated with an increased risk of delay in TB diagnosis over the 12-year study period. CONCLUSIONS: The median delay decreased during the study period. We identified factors associated with a longer delay in TB diagnosis. These findings may be useful for further TB control plans and policies in Iran. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9754906 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Korean Society of Epidemiology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97549062022-12-23 The probability of diagnostic delays for tuberculosis and its associated risk factors in northwest Iran from 2005 to 2016: a survival analysis using tuberculosis surveillance data Ebrahimoghli, Reza Ghobadi, Hassan Adham, Davoud Jangi, Parviz Abbasi-Ghahramanloo, Abbas Moradi-Asl, Eslam Epidemiol Health Original Article OBJECTIVES: Early diagnosis is essential for effective tuberculosis (TB) control programs. Therefore, this study examined the risk of delays in TB diagnosis and associated factors in Ardabil Province in northwest Iran from 2005 to 2016. METHODS: This longitudinal retrospective cohort study was conducted using data obtained from the Iranian National Tuberculosis Control Program at the provincial level between 2005 and 2016. The total delay in diagnosis was defined as the time interval (days) between the onset of symptoms and TB diagnosis. Survival analysis was conducted to analyze the delay in diagnosis. Associated factors were identified using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: A total of 1,367 new TB cases were identified. The 12-year median diagnostic delay was 45 days (interquartile range [IQR], 30-87). The annual median diagnostic delay decreased from 68 days (IQR, 33-131) in 2005 to 31 days (IQR, 30-62) in 2016. The probability of a delay in TB diagnosis decreased by 5.0% each year (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.07). Residence in a non-capital county (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.92) and referral from the private health system (HR, 0.74%; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.84) were significantly associated with an increased risk of delay in TB diagnosis over the 12-year study period. CONCLUSIONS: The median delay decreased during the study period. We identified factors associated with a longer delay in TB diagnosis. These findings may be useful for further TB control plans and policies in Iran. Korean Society of Epidemiology 2022-07-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9754906/ /pubmed/35879855 http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022060 Text en ©2022, Korean Society of Epidemiology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Ebrahimoghli, Reza Ghobadi, Hassan Adham, Davoud Jangi, Parviz Abbasi-Ghahramanloo, Abbas Moradi-Asl, Eslam The probability of diagnostic delays for tuberculosis and its associated risk factors in northwest Iran from 2005 to 2016: a survival analysis using tuberculosis surveillance data |
title | The probability of diagnostic delays for tuberculosis and its associated risk factors in northwest Iran from 2005 to 2016: a survival analysis using tuberculosis surveillance data |
title_full | The probability of diagnostic delays for tuberculosis and its associated risk factors in northwest Iran from 2005 to 2016: a survival analysis using tuberculosis surveillance data |
title_fullStr | The probability of diagnostic delays for tuberculosis and its associated risk factors in northwest Iran from 2005 to 2016: a survival analysis using tuberculosis surveillance data |
title_full_unstemmed | The probability of diagnostic delays for tuberculosis and its associated risk factors in northwest Iran from 2005 to 2016: a survival analysis using tuberculosis surveillance data |
title_short | The probability of diagnostic delays for tuberculosis and its associated risk factors in northwest Iran from 2005 to 2016: a survival analysis using tuberculosis surveillance data |
title_sort | probability of diagnostic delays for tuberculosis and its associated risk factors in northwest iran from 2005 to 2016: a survival analysis using tuberculosis surveillance data |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9754906/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35879855 http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022060 |
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