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Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and international travel ban on elephant tourist camp management in northern Thailand
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the tourism industry, especially in Thailand. Starting in April 2020, the Thai government banned international travel and all elephant tourist camps closed. A wide variety of management changes were implemented because of the lack of income from...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9755861/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36532337 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1038855 |
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author | Supanta, Jarawee Brown, Janine L. Bansiddhi, Pakkanut Thitaram, Chatchote Punyapornwithaya, Veerasak Khonmee, Jaruwan |
author_facet | Supanta, Jarawee Brown, Janine L. Bansiddhi, Pakkanut Thitaram, Chatchote Punyapornwithaya, Veerasak Khonmee, Jaruwan |
author_sort | Supanta, Jarawee |
collection | PubMed |
description | The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the tourism industry, especially in Thailand. Starting in April 2020, the Thai government banned international travel and all elephant tourist camps closed. A wide variety of management changes were implemented because of the lack of income from tourists. This study surveyed 30 camps that cared for >400 elephants in northern Thailand to obtain information on camp, elephant, and mahout management during the COVID-19 pandemic from April 2020 to 2022 compared to the year before. The survey consisted of questionnaires that interviewed elephant camp owners, managers, veterinarians, and mahouts, and captured information on changes in camp operations, including numbers of tourists, elephants and mahouts, elephant and mahout activities, and veterinary care. Results revealed significant changes in camp structure, elephant work activities and general care. Staff layoffs led to a decrease in the ratio of mahouts to elephants from 1:1 to 1:2. Elephant activities, distance walked, and amounts of food were reduced when compared to pre-COVID-19, while chain hours were increased due to reduced activity. Overall, the COVID-19 crisis altered elephant management significantly, potentially affecting animal welfare resulting from changes in nutrition, health, exercise, and numbers of mahouts. We hope to use these data to develop better management plans and guidelines for elephant camps in Thailand so they can cope with the current and potential imminent pandemics that result in decreased tourism income. A follow-up study will measure health and welfare markers in relation to COVID-19 induced changes to determine if any camps adapted management to still meet elephant health and welfare needs, and could serve as models for responding to future pandemics. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9755861 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97558612022-12-17 Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and international travel ban on elephant tourist camp management in northern Thailand Supanta, Jarawee Brown, Janine L. Bansiddhi, Pakkanut Thitaram, Chatchote Punyapornwithaya, Veerasak Khonmee, Jaruwan Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the tourism industry, especially in Thailand. Starting in April 2020, the Thai government banned international travel and all elephant tourist camps closed. A wide variety of management changes were implemented because of the lack of income from tourists. This study surveyed 30 camps that cared for >400 elephants in northern Thailand to obtain information on camp, elephant, and mahout management during the COVID-19 pandemic from April 2020 to 2022 compared to the year before. The survey consisted of questionnaires that interviewed elephant camp owners, managers, veterinarians, and mahouts, and captured information on changes in camp operations, including numbers of tourists, elephants and mahouts, elephant and mahout activities, and veterinary care. Results revealed significant changes in camp structure, elephant work activities and general care. Staff layoffs led to a decrease in the ratio of mahouts to elephants from 1:1 to 1:2. Elephant activities, distance walked, and amounts of food were reduced when compared to pre-COVID-19, while chain hours were increased due to reduced activity. Overall, the COVID-19 crisis altered elephant management significantly, potentially affecting animal welfare resulting from changes in nutrition, health, exercise, and numbers of mahouts. We hope to use these data to develop better management plans and guidelines for elephant camps in Thailand so they can cope with the current and potential imminent pandemics that result in decreased tourism income. A follow-up study will measure health and welfare markers in relation to COVID-19 induced changes to determine if any camps adapted management to still meet elephant health and welfare needs, and could serve as models for responding to future pandemics. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-12-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9755861/ /pubmed/36532337 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1038855 Text en Copyright © 2022 Supanta, Brown, Bansiddhi, Thitaram, Punyapornwithaya and Khonmee. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Science Supanta, Jarawee Brown, Janine L. Bansiddhi, Pakkanut Thitaram, Chatchote Punyapornwithaya, Veerasak Khonmee, Jaruwan Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and international travel ban on elephant tourist camp management in northern Thailand |
title | Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and international travel ban on elephant tourist camp management in northern Thailand |
title_full | Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and international travel ban on elephant tourist camp management in northern Thailand |
title_fullStr | Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and international travel ban on elephant tourist camp management in northern Thailand |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and international travel ban on elephant tourist camp management in northern Thailand |
title_short | Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and international travel ban on elephant tourist camp management in northern Thailand |
title_sort | effect of the covid-19 pandemic and international travel ban on elephant tourist camp management in northern thailand |
topic | Veterinary Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9755861/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36532337 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1038855 |
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