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Crucial roles of circulating tumor cells in the metastatic cascade and tumor immune escape: biology and clinical translation

Cancer-related deaths are mainly caused by metastatic spread of tumor cells from the primary lesion to distant sites via the blood circulation. Understanding the mechanisms of blood-borne tumor cell dissemination by the detection and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in th...

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Autores principales: Pantel, Klaus, Alix-Panabières, Catherine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9756199/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36517082
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2022-005615
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author Pantel, Klaus
Alix-Panabières, Catherine
author_facet Pantel, Klaus
Alix-Panabières, Catherine
author_sort Pantel, Klaus
collection PubMed
description Cancer-related deaths are mainly caused by metastatic spread of tumor cells from the primary lesion to distant sites via the blood circulation. Understanding the mechanisms of blood-borne tumor cell dissemination by the detection and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of patients with cancer has opened a new avenue in cancer research. Recent technical advances have enabled a comprehensive analysis of the CTCs at the genome, transcriptome and protein level as well as first functional studies using patient-derived CTC cell lines. In this review, we describe and discuss how research on CTCs has yielded important insights into the biology of cancer metastasis and the response of patients with cancer to therapies directed against metastatic cells. Future investigations will show whether CTCs leaving their primary site are more vulnerable to attacks by immune effector cells and whether cancer cell dissemination might be the ‘Achilles heel’ of metastatic progression. Here, we focus on the lessons learned from CTC research on the biology of cancer metastasis in patients with particular emphasis on the interactions of CTCs with the immune system. Moreover, we describe and discuss briefly the potential and challenges for implementing CTCs into clinical decision-making including detection of minimal residual disease, monitoring efficacies of systemic therapies and identification of therapeutic targets and resistance mechanisms.
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spelling pubmed-97561992022-12-17 Crucial roles of circulating tumor cells in the metastatic cascade and tumor immune escape: biology and clinical translation Pantel, Klaus Alix-Panabières, Catherine J Immunother Cancer Review Cancer-related deaths are mainly caused by metastatic spread of tumor cells from the primary lesion to distant sites via the blood circulation. Understanding the mechanisms of blood-borne tumor cell dissemination by the detection and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of patients with cancer has opened a new avenue in cancer research. Recent technical advances have enabled a comprehensive analysis of the CTCs at the genome, transcriptome and protein level as well as first functional studies using patient-derived CTC cell lines. In this review, we describe and discuss how research on CTCs has yielded important insights into the biology of cancer metastasis and the response of patients with cancer to therapies directed against metastatic cells. Future investigations will show whether CTCs leaving their primary site are more vulnerable to attacks by immune effector cells and whether cancer cell dissemination might be the ‘Achilles heel’ of metastatic progression. Here, we focus on the lessons learned from CTC research on the biology of cancer metastasis in patients with particular emphasis on the interactions of CTCs with the immune system. Moreover, we describe and discuss briefly the potential and challenges for implementing CTCs into clinical decision-making including detection of minimal residual disease, monitoring efficacies of systemic therapies and identification of therapeutic targets and resistance mechanisms. BMJ Publishing Group 2022-12-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9756199/ /pubmed/36517082 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2022-005615 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review
Pantel, Klaus
Alix-Panabières, Catherine
Crucial roles of circulating tumor cells in the metastatic cascade and tumor immune escape: biology and clinical translation
title Crucial roles of circulating tumor cells in the metastatic cascade and tumor immune escape: biology and clinical translation
title_full Crucial roles of circulating tumor cells in the metastatic cascade and tumor immune escape: biology and clinical translation
title_fullStr Crucial roles of circulating tumor cells in the metastatic cascade and tumor immune escape: biology and clinical translation
title_full_unstemmed Crucial roles of circulating tumor cells in the metastatic cascade and tumor immune escape: biology and clinical translation
title_short Crucial roles of circulating tumor cells in the metastatic cascade and tumor immune escape: biology and clinical translation
title_sort crucial roles of circulating tumor cells in the metastatic cascade and tumor immune escape: biology and clinical translation
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9756199/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36517082
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2022-005615
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