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The medical profession transformed by artificial intelligence: Qualitative study

BACKGROUND: Healthcaare delivery will change through the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI). Physicians are likely to be among the professions most affected, though to what extent is not yet clear. OBJECTIVE: We analyzed physicians’ and AI experts’ stances towards AI-induced changes. Thi...

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Autores principales: Mosch, Lina, Fürstenau, Daniel, Brandt, Jenny, Wagnitz, Jasper, Klopfenstein, Sophie AI, Poncette, Akira-Sebastian, Balzer, Felix
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9756357/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36532112
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076221143903
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author Mosch, Lina
Fürstenau, Daniel
Brandt, Jenny
Wagnitz, Jasper
Klopfenstein, Sophie AI
Poncette, Akira-Sebastian
Balzer, Felix
author_facet Mosch, Lina
Fürstenau, Daniel
Brandt, Jenny
Wagnitz, Jasper
Klopfenstein, Sophie AI
Poncette, Akira-Sebastian
Balzer, Felix
author_sort Mosch, Lina
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Healthcaare delivery will change through the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI). Physicians are likely to be among the professions most affected, though to what extent is not yet clear. OBJECTIVE: We analyzed physicians’ and AI experts’ stances towards AI-induced changes. This concerned (1) physicians’ tasks, (2) job replacement risk, and (3) implications for the ways of working, including human–AI interaction, changes in job profiles, and hierarchical and cross-professional collaboration patterns. METHODS: We adopted an exploratory, qualitative research approach, using semi-structured interviews with 24 experts in the fields of AI and medicine, medical informatics, digital medicine, and medical education and training. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was performed. RESULTS: Specialized tasks currently performed by physicians in all areas of medicine would likely be taken over by AI, including bureaucratic tasks, clinical decision support, and research. However, the concern that physicians will be replaced by an AI system is unfounded, according to experts; AI systems today would be designed only for a specific use case and could not replace the human factor in the patient–physician relationship. Nevertheless, the job profile and professional role of physicians would be transformed as a result of new forms of human–AI collaboration and shifts to higher-value activities. AI could spur novel, more interprofessional teams in medical practice and research and, eventually, democratization and de-hierarchization. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights changes in job profiles of physicians and outlines demands for new categories of medical professionals considering AI-induced changes of work. Physicians should redefine their self-image and assume more responsibility in the age of AI-supported medicine. There is a need for the development of scenarios and concepts for future job profiles in the health professions as well as their education and training.
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spelling pubmed-97563572022-12-17 The medical profession transformed by artificial intelligence: Qualitative study Mosch, Lina Fürstenau, Daniel Brandt, Jenny Wagnitz, Jasper Klopfenstein, Sophie AI Poncette, Akira-Sebastian Balzer, Felix Digit Health Original Research BACKGROUND: Healthcaare delivery will change through the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI). Physicians are likely to be among the professions most affected, though to what extent is not yet clear. OBJECTIVE: We analyzed physicians’ and AI experts’ stances towards AI-induced changes. This concerned (1) physicians’ tasks, (2) job replacement risk, and (3) implications for the ways of working, including human–AI interaction, changes in job profiles, and hierarchical and cross-professional collaboration patterns. METHODS: We adopted an exploratory, qualitative research approach, using semi-structured interviews with 24 experts in the fields of AI and medicine, medical informatics, digital medicine, and medical education and training. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was performed. RESULTS: Specialized tasks currently performed by physicians in all areas of medicine would likely be taken over by AI, including bureaucratic tasks, clinical decision support, and research. However, the concern that physicians will be replaced by an AI system is unfounded, according to experts; AI systems today would be designed only for a specific use case and could not replace the human factor in the patient–physician relationship. Nevertheless, the job profile and professional role of physicians would be transformed as a result of new forms of human–AI collaboration and shifts to higher-value activities. AI could spur novel, more interprofessional teams in medical practice and research and, eventually, democratization and de-hierarchization. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights changes in job profiles of physicians and outlines demands for new categories of medical professionals considering AI-induced changes of work. Physicians should redefine their self-image and assume more responsibility in the age of AI-supported medicine. There is a need for the development of scenarios and concepts for future job profiles in the health professions as well as their education and training. SAGE Publications 2022-12-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9756357/ /pubmed/36532112 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076221143903 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Original Research
Mosch, Lina
Fürstenau, Daniel
Brandt, Jenny
Wagnitz, Jasper
Klopfenstein, Sophie AI
Poncette, Akira-Sebastian
Balzer, Felix
The medical profession transformed by artificial intelligence: Qualitative study
title The medical profession transformed by artificial intelligence: Qualitative study
title_full The medical profession transformed by artificial intelligence: Qualitative study
title_fullStr The medical profession transformed by artificial intelligence: Qualitative study
title_full_unstemmed The medical profession transformed by artificial intelligence: Qualitative study
title_short The medical profession transformed by artificial intelligence: Qualitative study
title_sort medical profession transformed by artificial intelligence: qualitative study
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9756357/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36532112
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076221143903
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