Association Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Ketosis Episodes in Hospitalized Patients with Newly Diagnosed Ketosis-Prone Type 2 Diabetes

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and the onset of ketosis in newly diagnosed patients with ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes (KPT2D). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 162 patients with non-autoimmune newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were classified into KPT2D (n = 71) or non-ketotic type 2 diabetes (NKT2D, n = 91). Anthropometric parameters, islet functions, biochemical parameters, and body composition were determined in both KPT2D and NKT2D groups. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the associations between 25OHD and plasma ketones. The risk factors associated with ketosis episodes in patients with new-onset KPT2D were evaluated using binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Vitamin D deficiency was observed in both patients with KPT2D and NKT2D. Compared with the NKT2D group, serum 25OHD values were lower in the participants of the KPT2D group [14.20 (10.68, 19.52) vs 16.98 (13.54,2.96) ng/mL, P = 0.011]. Serum 25OHD was associated with plasma ketones (R = −0.387). Serum 25OHD is an independent protective factor for ketosis or ketoacidosis episodes in patients with new onset of KPT2D (P = 0.037, OR = 0.921). CONCLUSION: Vitamin D levels are associated with ketosis episodes in patients with KPT2D. Serum 25OHD is an independent protective factor for ketosis episodes in patients with KPT2D.