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Health, longevity, infrastructure and competitiveness: The Four Horsemen of COVID-19
Many researchers around the world are working to reach a general framework to provide solutions for COVID-19 in different ways. From our economic and business orientation, “Health, Longevity, Infrastructure and Competitiveness” are presented in this paper as the Four Horsemen of COVID-19. Our aim is...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier Inc.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9757652/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36569175 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.02.053 |
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author | Sarabia, María Crecente, Fernando del Val, Maria Teresa |
author_facet | Sarabia, María Crecente, Fernando del Val, Maria Teresa |
author_sort | Sarabia, María |
collection | PubMed |
description | Many researchers around the world are working to reach a general framework to provide solutions for COVID-19 in different ways. From our economic and business orientation, “Health, Longevity, Infrastructure and Competitiveness” are presented in this paper as the Four Horsemen of COVID-19. Our aim is to analyse the relationship between these proposed four factors and their influence on COVID-19. Using the Global Competitive Index (GCI), Health Systems in Transition (HiT) and the System of Health Accounts (SHA), we complete a database for a total of 28 countries of the European Union, including the United Kingdom and using variables related to the environment of each region (competitiveness, security, infrastructure, population and health system). Our study is focused on a descriptive analysis and a binary logistic model (logit), trying to distinguish between countries with more and less incidence of COVID-19. According to the results, the presence of these four factors – which are desirables for any country – implies a greater transmission of the virus in these regions. However, a higher annual expenditure in the health system is related to a lower incidence of COVID-19. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9757652 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97576522022-12-19 Health, longevity, infrastructure and competitiveness: The Four Horsemen of COVID-19 Sarabia, María Crecente, Fernando del Val, Maria Teresa J Bus Res Article Many researchers around the world are working to reach a general framework to provide solutions for COVID-19 in different ways. From our economic and business orientation, “Health, Longevity, Infrastructure and Competitiveness” are presented in this paper as the Four Horsemen of COVID-19. Our aim is to analyse the relationship between these proposed four factors and their influence on COVID-19. Using the Global Competitive Index (GCI), Health Systems in Transition (HiT) and the System of Health Accounts (SHA), we complete a database for a total of 28 countries of the European Union, including the United Kingdom and using variables related to the environment of each region (competitiveness, security, infrastructure, population and health system). Our study is focused on a descriptive analysis and a binary logistic model (logit), trying to distinguish between countries with more and less incidence of COVID-19. According to the results, the presence of these four factors – which are desirables for any country – implies a greater transmission of the virus in these regions. However, a higher annual expenditure in the health system is related to a lower incidence of COVID-19. Elsevier Inc. 2021-05 2021-03-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9757652/ /pubmed/36569175 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.02.053 Text en © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Sarabia, María Crecente, Fernando del Val, Maria Teresa Health, longevity, infrastructure and competitiveness: The Four Horsemen of COVID-19 |
title | Health, longevity, infrastructure and competitiveness: The Four Horsemen of COVID-19 |
title_full | Health, longevity, infrastructure and competitiveness: The Four Horsemen of COVID-19 |
title_fullStr | Health, longevity, infrastructure and competitiveness: The Four Horsemen of COVID-19 |
title_full_unstemmed | Health, longevity, infrastructure and competitiveness: The Four Horsemen of COVID-19 |
title_short | Health, longevity, infrastructure and competitiveness: The Four Horsemen of COVID-19 |
title_sort | health, longevity, infrastructure and competitiveness: the four horsemen of covid-19 |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9757652/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36569175 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.02.053 |
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