Comparison of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Among High-Risk Filipino Women With Gestational Diabetes Diagnosed Before and After 24 Weeks of Gestation

OBJECTIVES: This study determined the prevalence, clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of high-risk women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) before and after 24 weeks of gestation. METHODOLOGY: This retrospective study included all singleton deliveries with GDM at the Pasig City General Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019. Subjects were grouped into those who were diagnosed with GDM before 24 weeks of gestation (<24 weeks, n=61) and thereafter (≥24 weeks, n=219). Outcomes examined were preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, preterm birth, macrosomia, large-for-gestational age, small-for-gestational age, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal ICU admission, congenital malformations and perinatal mortality. RESULTS: The group diagnosed with GDM before 24 weeks was significantly older (33.0 ± 5.7 years versus 29.4 ± 5.9 years, p<0.001), had higher 2-hour 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results (158.2 ± 20.0 mg/dL versus 150.0 ± 23.7 mg/dL, p=0.014), and had more pregnancies with preeclampsia (23.0% versus 9.6%, p=0.005). CONCLUSION: High-risk women diagnosed with GDM before 24 weeks of gestation had a higher incidence of preeclampsia compared with high-risk women diagnosed with GDM after 24 weeks of gestation.