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Identification of ocular refraction based on deep learning algorithm as a novel retinoscopy method
BACKGROUND: The evaluation of refraction is indispensable in ophthalmic clinics, generally requiring a refractor or retinoscopy under cycloplegia. Retinal fundus photographs (RFPs) supply a wealth of information related to the human eye and might provide a promising approach that is more convenient...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9758840/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36528597 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12938-022-01057-9 |
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author | Zou, Haohan Shi, Shenda Yang, Xiaoyan Ma, Jiaonan Fan, Qian Chen, Xuan Wang, Yibing Zhang, Mingdong Song, Jiaxin Jiang, Yanglin Li, Lihua He, Xin Jhanji, Vishal Wang, Shengjin Song, Meina Wang, Yan |
author_facet | Zou, Haohan Shi, Shenda Yang, Xiaoyan Ma, Jiaonan Fan, Qian Chen, Xuan Wang, Yibing Zhang, Mingdong Song, Jiaxin Jiang, Yanglin Li, Lihua He, Xin Jhanji, Vishal Wang, Shengjin Song, Meina Wang, Yan |
author_sort | Zou, Haohan |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The evaluation of refraction is indispensable in ophthalmic clinics, generally requiring a refractor or retinoscopy under cycloplegia. Retinal fundus photographs (RFPs) supply a wealth of information related to the human eye and might provide a promising approach that is more convenient and objective. Here, we aimed to develop and validate a fusion model-based deep learning system (FMDLS) to identify ocular refraction via RFPs and compare with the cycloplegic refraction. In this population-based comparative study, we retrospectively collected 11,973 RFPs from May 1, 2020 to November 20, 2021. The performance of the regression models for sphere and cylinder was evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE). The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and F1-score were used to evaluate the classification model of the cylinder axis. RESULTS: Overall, 7873 RFPs were retained for analysis. For sphere and cylinder, the MAE values between the FMDLS and cycloplegic refraction were 0.50 D and 0.31 D, representing an increase of 29.41% and 26.67%, respectively, when compared with the single models. The correlation coefficients (r) were 0.949 and 0.807, respectively. For axis analysis, the accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve value of the classification model were 0.89, 0.941, 0.882, and 0.814, respectively, and the F1-score was 0.88. CONCLUSIONS: The FMDLS successfully identified the ocular refraction in sphere, cylinder, and axis, and showed good agreement with the cycloplegic refraction. The RFPs can provide not only comprehensive fundus information but also the refractive state of the eye, highlighting their potential clinical value. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12938-022-01057-9. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9758840 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97588402022-12-18 Identification of ocular refraction based on deep learning algorithm as a novel retinoscopy method Zou, Haohan Shi, Shenda Yang, Xiaoyan Ma, Jiaonan Fan, Qian Chen, Xuan Wang, Yibing Zhang, Mingdong Song, Jiaxin Jiang, Yanglin Li, Lihua He, Xin Jhanji, Vishal Wang, Shengjin Song, Meina Wang, Yan Biomed Eng Online Research BACKGROUND: The evaluation of refraction is indispensable in ophthalmic clinics, generally requiring a refractor or retinoscopy under cycloplegia. Retinal fundus photographs (RFPs) supply a wealth of information related to the human eye and might provide a promising approach that is more convenient and objective. Here, we aimed to develop and validate a fusion model-based deep learning system (FMDLS) to identify ocular refraction via RFPs and compare with the cycloplegic refraction. In this population-based comparative study, we retrospectively collected 11,973 RFPs from May 1, 2020 to November 20, 2021. The performance of the regression models for sphere and cylinder was evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE). The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and F1-score were used to evaluate the classification model of the cylinder axis. RESULTS: Overall, 7873 RFPs were retained for analysis. For sphere and cylinder, the MAE values between the FMDLS and cycloplegic refraction were 0.50 D and 0.31 D, representing an increase of 29.41% and 26.67%, respectively, when compared with the single models. The correlation coefficients (r) were 0.949 and 0.807, respectively. For axis analysis, the accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve value of the classification model were 0.89, 0.941, 0.882, and 0.814, respectively, and the F1-score was 0.88. CONCLUSIONS: The FMDLS successfully identified the ocular refraction in sphere, cylinder, and axis, and showed good agreement with the cycloplegic refraction. The RFPs can provide not only comprehensive fundus information but also the refractive state of the eye, highlighting their potential clinical value. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12938-022-01057-9. BioMed Central 2022-12-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9758840/ /pubmed/36528597 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12938-022-01057-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Zou, Haohan Shi, Shenda Yang, Xiaoyan Ma, Jiaonan Fan, Qian Chen, Xuan Wang, Yibing Zhang, Mingdong Song, Jiaxin Jiang, Yanglin Li, Lihua He, Xin Jhanji, Vishal Wang, Shengjin Song, Meina Wang, Yan Identification of ocular refraction based on deep learning algorithm as a novel retinoscopy method |
title | Identification of ocular refraction based on deep learning algorithm as a novel retinoscopy method |
title_full | Identification of ocular refraction based on deep learning algorithm as a novel retinoscopy method |
title_fullStr | Identification of ocular refraction based on deep learning algorithm as a novel retinoscopy method |
title_full_unstemmed | Identification of ocular refraction based on deep learning algorithm as a novel retinoscopy method |
title_short | Identification of ocular refraction based on deep learning algorithm as a novel retinoscopy method |
title_sort | identification of ocular refraction based on deep learning algorithm as a novel retinoscopy method |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9758840/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36528597 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12938-022-01057-9 |
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