Spatial–temporal regulation of fatty alcohol biosynthesis in yeast

BACKGROUND: Construction of efficient microbial cell factories is one of the core steps for establishing green bio-manufacturing processes. However, the complex metabolic regulation makes it challenging in driving the metabolic flux toward the product biosynthesis. Dynamically coupling the biosynthetic pathways with the cellular metabolism at spatial–temporal manner should be helpful for improving the production with alleviating the cellular stresses. RESULTS: In this study, we observed the mismatch between fatty alcohol biosynthesis and cellular metabolism, which compromised the fatty alcohol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To enhance the fatty alcohol production, we spatial-temporally regulated fatty alcohol biosynthetic pathway by peroxisomal compartmentalization (spatial) and dynamic regulation of gene expression (temporal). In particular, fatty acid/acyl-CoA responsive promoters were identified by comparative transcriptional analysis, which helped to dynamically regulate the expression of acyl-CoA reductase gene MaFAR1 and improved fatty alcohol biosynthesis by 1.62-fold. Furthermore, enhancing the peroxisomal supply of acyl-CoA and NADPH further improved fatty alcohol production to 282 mg/L, 2.52 times higher than the starting strain. CONCLUSIONS: This spatial–temporal regulation strategy partially coordinated fatty alcohol biosynthesis with cellular metabolism including peroxisome biogenesis and precursor supply, which should be applied for production of other products in microbes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02242-7.