Comparison of serum levels of vitamin D in periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes and healthy subjects

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to find out the levels of serum vitamin D in periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes and to compare them with healthy subjects. METHODS: In this study, 48 periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (PDM), 53 periodontitis patients (P), and 42 controls who were in the age ranges of 30–50 years and had the entry requirements were selected. Plaque index, calculus index, modified gingival index, pocket depth, clinical attachment loss (CAL), and tooth loss were measured. Serum 25(OH)D level was estimated by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and fasting blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin were estimated by biochemical colorimetric assays. RESULTS: The mean serum 25(OH)D level was 17.06 ± 10.73, 15.12 ± 7.74, and 14.17 ± 11.04 ηg/ml for PDM, P, and control groups, respectively, showing no statistical difference. The mean CAL was significantly high in diabetic patients as compared to other groups. Prediabetes prevalence was significantly high in periodontitis patients as compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was high in the population studied. Serum levels of 25(OH)D showed no significant difference between groups. Periodontitis patients showed an elevated risk for diabetes.