Effects of short-term waterfall forest aerosol air exposure on rat lung proteomics

BACKGROUND: Chronic exposure to airborne microparticles has been shown to increase the incidence of several chronic diseases. Previous studies have found that waterfall forest aerosols contribute to a diminished immune stress response in patients with asthma. However, the specific effects of short-term waterfall forest aerosol exposure on lung proteins have not been fully elucidated. METHODS: This study used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to analyze changes in protein expression in the lungs of rats exposed to short-term waterfall forest aerosol environments. Specific protein markers were identified using bioconductivity analysis screening and validated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Waterfall forest aerosol environment exposure on day 5 downregulated the expression of the classical inflammatory pathway nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. As the waterfall forest aerosol environment increased due to the duration of exposure, it was involved in oxidative phosphorylation and then hormone signaling in lung cells from the very beginning. In contrast, at day 15 of exposure, there is an effect on the regulation of the immune-related high-affinity IgE receptor pathway. In addition, iron-sulfur Rieske protein (Uqcrfs1), mitochondrial Tu translation elongation factor (Tufm) and ribosomal protein L4 (Rpl4) were identified as possible bioindicators for the evaluation of air quality. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide a comprehensive proteomic analysis that supports the positive contribution of a good air quality environment to lung health.