Cargando…

Celebration of a century of insulin therapy in children with type 1 diabetes

Insulin is the key anabolic hormone of metabolism, with clear effects on glycaemia. Near-complete insulin deficiency occurs in type 1 diabetes (T1D), the predominant form affecting children, and uniformly fatal until the discovery of insulin. By the early 20th century, it was known that T1D was caus...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Rogol, Alan D, Laffel, Lori M, Bode, Bruce, Sperling, Mark A
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9763182/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35725290
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-323975
_version_ 1784852998785073152
author Rogol, Alan D
Laffel, Lori M
Bode, Bruce
Sperling, Mark A
author_facet Rogol, Alan D
Laffel, Lori M
Bode, Bruce
Sperling, Mark A
author_sort Rogol, Alan D
collection PubMed
description Insulin is the key anabolic hormone of metabolism, with clear effects on glycaemia. Near-complete insulin deficiency occurs in type 1 diabetes (T1D), the predominant form affecting children, and uniformly fatal until the discovery of insulin. By the early 20th century, it was known that T1D was caused by the lack of a factor from pancreatic islets, but isolation of this substance proved elusive. In 1921, an unusual team in Toronto comprising a surgeon, a medical student, a physiologist and a biochemist successfully isolated a glucose-lowering pancreatic endocrine secretion. They treated an emaciated 14-year-old boy in 1922, restoring his health and allowing him to live for another 13 years. Thus began an era of remarkable progress and partnership between academia and the pharmaceutical industry to produce drugs that benefit sick people. The Toronto team received the 1923 Nobel Prize, and more Nobel Prizes for work with insulin followed: for elucidation of its amino acid sequence and crystalline structure, and for its role in the development of radioimmunoassays to measure circulating hormone concentrations. Human insulin was the first hormone synthesised by recombinant methods, permitting modifications to enable improved absorption rates and alterations in duration of action. Coupled with delivery via insulin pens, programmable pumps and continuous glucose monitors, metabolic control and quality of life vastly improved and T1D in children was converted from uniformly fatal to a manageable chronic condition. We describe this remarkable ongoing story as insulin remains a paradigm for human ingenuity to heal nature’s maladies.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9763182
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher BMJ Publishing Group
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-97631822022-12-21 Celebration of a century of insulin therapy in children with type 1 diabetes Rogol, Alan D Laffel, Lori M Bode, Bruce Sperling, Mark A Arch Dis Child Review Insulin is the key anabolic hormone of metabolism, with clear effects on glycaemia. Near-complete insulin deficiency occurs in type 1 diabetes (T1D), the predominant form affecting children, and uniformly fatal until the discovery of insulin. By the early 20th century, it was known that T1D was caused by the lack of a factor from pancreatic islets, but isolation of this substance proved elusive. In 1921, an unusual team in Toronto comprising a surgeon, a medical student, a physiologist and a biochemist successfully isolated a glucose-lowering pancreatic endocrine secretion. They treated an emaciated 14-year-old boy in 1922, restoring his health and allowing him to live for another 13 years. Thus began an era of remarkable progress and partnership between academia and the pharmaceutical industry to produce drugs that benefit sick people. The Toronto team received the 1923 Nobel Prize, and more Nobel Prizes for work with insulin followed: for elucidation of its amino acid sequence and crystalline structure, and for its role in the development of radioimmunoassays to measure circulating hormone concentrations. Human insulin was the first hormone synthesised by recombinant methods, permitting modifications to enable improved absorption rates and alterations in duration of action. Coupled with delivery via insulin pens, programmable pumps and continuous glucose monitors, metabolic control and quality of life vastly improved and T1D in children was converted from uniformly fatal to a manageable chronic condition. We describe this remarkable ongoing story as insulin remains a paradigm for human ingenuity to heal nature’s maladies. BMJ Publishing Group 2023-01 2022-06-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9763182/ /pubmed/35725290 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-323975 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review
Rogol, Alan D
Laffel, Lori M
Bode, Bruce
Sperling, Mark A
Celebration of a century of insulin therapy in children with type 1 diabetes
title Celebration of a century of insulin therapy in children with type 1 diabetes
title_full Celebration of a century of insulin therapy in children with type 1 diabetes
title_fullStr Celebration of a century of insulin therapy in children with type 1 diabetes
title_full_unstemmed Celebration of a century of insulin therapy in children with type 1 diabetes
title_short Celebration of a century of insulin therapy in children with type 1 diabetes
title_sort celebration of a century of insulin therapy in children with type 1 diabetes
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9763182/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35725290
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-323975
work_keys_str_mv AT rogolaland celebrationofacenturyofinsulintherapyinchildrenwithtype1diabetes
AT laffellorim celebrationofacenturyofinsulintherapyinchildrenwithtype1diabetes
AT bodebruce celebrationofacenturyofinsulintherapyinchildrenwithtype1diabetes
AT sperlingmarka celebrationofacenturyofinsulintherapyinchildrenwithtype1diabetes