Predictors of Long-term Ophthalmic Complications after Closed Globe Injuries Using the Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS®) Registry

PURPOSE: To identify clinical factors associated with the need for future surgical intervention following closed globe ocular trauma. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS, PARTICIPANTS, AND/OR CONTROLS: Patients in the American Academy of Ophthalmology Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS®) Registry with a diagnosis of closed globe ocular trauma occurring between 2013 and 2019, identified using International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision and Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine codes. METHODS: Diagnosis codes were used to identify multiple concomitant diagnoses present on the date of closed globe ocular trauma. Survival analyses were performed for each outcome of interest, and linear regression was used to identify clinical factors associated with the risk of surgical intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes included retinal break treatment, retinal detachment (RD) repair, retinal break treatment or RD repair, glaucoma surgery, and cataract surgery. RESULTS: Of the 206 807 patients with closed globe ocular trauma, 9648 underwent surgical intervention during the follow-up period (mean, 444 days): 1697 (0.8%) had RD repair, 1658 (0.8%) had retinal break treatment, 600 (0.3%) had glaucoma surgery, and 5693 (2.8%) had cataract surgery. Traumatic cataract was the strongest risk factor for cataract surgery (hazard ratio, 13.0; 95% confidence interval, 10.8–15.6), traumatic hyphema showed highest risk for glaucoma surgery (7.24; 4.60–11.4), and vitreous hemorrhage was the strongest risk factor for retinal break treatment and detachment repair (11.01; 9.18–13.2 and 14.2; 11.5–17.6, respectively) during the first 60 days after trauma date. Vitreous hemorrhage was a risk factor for cataract surgery at > 60 days after trauma date only. Iris–angle injury was the strongest risk factor for glaucoma surgery > 60 days after trauma, while vitreous hemorrhage remained the strongest factor for retinal break treatment and detachment repair at > 60 days. Traumatic hyphema was a risk factor for all surgical outcomes during all follow-up intervals. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of concomitant traumatic cataract, vitreous hemorrhage, traumatic hyphema, and other risk factors may increase the likelihood of requiring surgical intervention after closed globe ocular trauma.