Oriented growth of stacking α-cobalt hydroxide salt continuous films and their topotactic-like transformation to oriented mesoporous films of Co(3)O(4) and CoO

Mesoporous metal oxide films composed of nanocrystal assemblies with an aligned crystallographic orientation are key nanostructures for efficient interfacial reactions; however, the development of a simple and versatile method for their formation on substrates still constitutes a challenge. Here we report the template-free centimetre-scale formation of novel cobalt oxide films of Co(3)O(4) and CoO with a [111]-oriented mesoporous structure starting from stacking cobalt hydroxide continuous films. The cobalt hydroxide precursor is formed electrochemically on conductive substrates from a Co(NO(3))(2) aqueous solution at room temperature. A thorough characterization by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy analyses reveals that the precursor film is an α-type layered cobalt hydroxide salt (α-Co-LHS) containing interlayer nitrate and hydrated water, i.e., α-Co(OH)(x)(NO(3))(y)·nH(2)O, with a [001]-oriented stacking film structure. Heat treatment of the [001]-α-Co-LHS films using different conditions, i.e., under air at 550 °C or under vacuum at 500 °C, results in the selective formation of Co(3)O(4) or CoO mesoporous films, respectively. A plausible explanation for the observed centimetre-scale topotactic-like transformation from α-Co-LHS[001] to Co(3)O(4)[111] or CoO[111] is given according to the atomic framework similarity between the hydroxide precursor and the final oxides.