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Effects of different levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions on hand, foot and mouth disease in Guangzhou, China

BACKGROUND: Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have suppressed the transmission of other infectious diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different degrees of NPIs during the COVID-19 pandemic on hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)...

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Autores principales: Wu, Keyi, Ma, Xiaowei, Liu, Huamin, Zheng, Jiazhen, Zhou, Rui, Yuan, Zelin, Huang, Zhiwei, Zhong, Qi, Huang, Yining, Zhang, Zhoubin, Wu, Xianbo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9767397/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36539790
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14850-x
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author Wu, Keyi
Ma, Xiaowei
Liu, Huamin
Zheng, Jiazhen
Zhou, Rui
Yuan, Zelin
Huang, Zhiwei
Zhong, Qi
Huang, Yining
Zhang, Zhoubin
Wu, Xianbo
author_facet Wu, Keyi
Ma, Xiaowei
Liu, Huamin
Zheng, Jiazhen
Zhou, Rui
Yuan, Zelin
Huang, Zhiwei
Zhong, Qi
Huang, Yining
Zhang, Zhoubin
Wu, Xianbo
author_sort Wu, Keyi
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have suppressed the transmission of other infectious diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different degrees of NPIs during the COVID-19 pandemic on hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Guangzhou, China. METHODS: Weekly reported HFMD cases and pathogens information during 2015–2021 in Guangzhou were collected from the China National Notifiable Disease Reporting System. The observed number of HFMD cases in 2020 and 2021 was compared to the average level in the same period during 2015–2019. Then, an interrupted time-series segmented regression analysis was applied to estimate the impact of NPIs on HFMD, such as social distancing, suspension of schools, community management and mask wearing. The effects across different subgroups stratified by gender, children groups and enterovirus subtype of HFMD were also examined. RESULTS: A total of 13,224 and 36,353 HFMD cases were reported in 2020 and 2021, which decreased by 80.80% and 15.06% respectively compared with the average number of cases in the same period during 2015–2019. A significant drop in the number of HFMD cases during time when strict NPIs were applied (relative change: 69.07% [95% confidence interval (CI): 68.84%–69.30%]). The HFMD incidence rebounded to historical levels in 2021 as the lockdown eased. The slightest reduction of HFMD cases was found among children at kindergartens or childcare centres among the three children groups (children at kindergartens or childcare centres: 55.50% [95% CI: 54.96%–56.03%]; children living at home: 72.64% [95% CI: 72.38%–72.89%]; others: 74.06% [95% CI: 73.19%–74.91%]). CONCLUSIONS: The strong NPIs during the COVID-19 epidemic may have a significant beneficial effect on mitigating HFMD. However, the incidence of HFMD rebounded as the NPIs became less stringent. Authorities should consider applying these NPIs during HFMD outbreaks and strengthening personal hygiene in routine prevention.
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spelling pubmed-97673972022-12-21 Effects of different levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions on hand, foot and mouth disease in Guangzhou, China Wu, Keyi Ma, Xiaowei Liu, Huamin Zheng, Jiazhen Zhou, Rui Yuan, Zelin Huang, Zhiwei Zhong, Qi Huang, Yining Zhang, Zhoubin Wu, Xianbo BMC Public Health Research BACKGROUND: Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have suppressed the transmission of other infectious diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different degrees of NPIs during the COVID-19 pandemic on hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Guangzhou, China. METHODS: Weekly reported HFMD cases and pathogens information during 2015–2021 in Guangzhou were collected from the China National Notifiable Disease Reporting System. The observed number of HFMD cases in 2020 and 2021 was compared to the average level in the same period during 2015–2019. Then, an interrupted time-series segmented regression analysis was applied to estimate the impact of NPIs on HFMD, such as social distancing, suspension of schools, community management and mask wearing. The effects across different subgroups stratified by gender, children groups and enterovirus subtype of HFMD were also examined. RESULTS: A total of 13,224 and 36,353 HFMD cases were reported in 2020 and 2021, which decreased by 80.80% and 15.06% respectively compared with the average number of cases in the same period during 2015–2019. A significant drop in the number of HFMD cases during time when strict NPIs were applied (relative change: 69.07% [95% confidence interval (CI): 68.84%–69.30%]). The HFMD incidence rebounded to historical levels in 2021 as the lockdown eased. The slightest reduction of HFMD cases was found among children at kindergartens or childcare centres among the three children groups (children at kindergartens or childcare centres: 55.50% [95% CI: 54.96%–56.03%]; children living at home: 72.64% [95% CI: 72.38%–72.89%]; others: 74.06% [95% CI: 73.19%–74.91%]). CONCLUSIONS: The strong NPIs during the COVID-19 epidemic may have a significant beneficial effect on mitigating HFMD. However, the incidence of HFMD rebounded as the NPIs became less stringent. Authorities should consider applying these NPIs during HFMD outbreaks and strengthening personal hygiene in routine prevention. BioMed Central 2022-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9767397/ /pubmed/36539790 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14850-x Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Wu, Keyi
Ma, Xiaowei
Liu, Huamin
Zheng, Jiazhen
Zhou, Rui
Yuan, Zelin
Huang, Zhiwei
Zhong, Qi
Huang, Yining
Zhang, Zhoubin
Wu, Xianbo
Effects of different levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions on hand, foot and mouth disease in Guangzhou, China
title Effects of different levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions on hand, foot and mouth disease in Guangzhou, China
title_full Effects of different levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions on hand, foot and mouth disease in Guangzhou, China
title_fullStr Effects of different levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions on hand, foot and mouth disease in Guangzhou, China
title_full_unstemmed Effects of different levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions on hand, foot and mouth disease in Guangzhou, China
title_short Effects of different levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions on hand, foot and mouth disease in Guangzhou, China
title_sort effects of different levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions on hand, foot and mouth disease in guangzhou, china
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9767397/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36539790
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14850-x
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