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Expert opinion in panic disorder: The impact of COVID-19-related fears, protective devices, and lockdown on panic and agoraphobia
During the COVID-19 pandemic a perceived decline of mental well-being was reported both in people with preexisting psychiatric disorders and in people without. However, individuals with different psychiatric vulnerabilities may differ in their responses to COVID-19-related stressors. In this comment...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier Inc.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9767426/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmip.2021.100080 |
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author | Caldirola, Daniela Daccò, Silvia Cuniberti, Francesco Perna, Giampaolo |
author_facet | Caldirola, Daniela Daccò, Silvia Cuniberti, Francesco Perna, Giampaolo |
author_sort | Caldirola, Daniela |
collection | PubMed |
description | During the COVID-19 pandemic a perceived decline of mental well-being was reported both in people with preexisting psychiatric disorders and in people without. However, individuals with different psychiatric vulnerabilities may differ in their responses to COVID-19-related stressors. In this commentary we proposed a few considerations on possible peculiar patterns of pandemic-related behaviors or complaints in patients suffering from panic disorder (PD) with or without agoraphobia (AG). Individuals with PD may be particularly sensitive to multiple pandemic-related aspects involving respiration (e.g., wearing facial masks or COVID-19-related respiratory symptoms) that may worsen or trigger panic symptoms. In case of comorbid AG, an initial improvement of panic–phobic symptoms during the lockdown may have occurred, followed by a subsequent symptom exacerbation when the containment measures became less rigorous, possibly related to lockdown-associated negative reinforcement and impairment in consolidation of fear extinction. Personalized interventions should be offered to the patients to minimize the risk of worsening or relapse. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9767426 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97674262022-12-21 Expert opinion in panic disorder: The impact of COVID-19-related fears, protective devices, and lockdown on panic and agoraphobia Caldirola, Daniela Daccò, Silvia Cuniberti, Francesco Perna, Giampaolo Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry Article During the COVID-19 pandemic a perceived decline of mental well-being was reported both in people with preexisting psychiatric disorders and in people without. However, individuals with different psychiatric vulnerabilities may differ in their responses to COVID-19-related stressors. In this commentary we proposed a few considerations on possible peculiar patterns of pandemic-related behaviors or complaints in patients suffering from panic disorder (PD) with or without agoraphobia (AG). Individuals with PD may be particularly sensitive to multiple pandemic-related aspects involving respiration (e.g., wearing facial masks or COVID-19-related respiratory symptoms) that may worsen or trigger panic symptoms. In case of comorbid AG, an initial improvement of panic–phobic symptoms during the lockdown may have occurred, followed by a subsequent symptom exacerbation when the containment measures became less rigorous, possibly related to lockdown-associated negative reinforcement and impairment in consolidation of fear extinction. Personalized interventions should be offered to the patients to minimize the risk of worsening or relapse. Elsevier Inc. 2021 2021-04-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9767426/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmip.2021.100080 Text en © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Caldirola, Daniela Daccò, Silvia Cuniberti, Francesco Perna, Giampaolo Expert opinion in panic disorder: The impact of COVID-19-related fears, protective devices, and lockdown on panic and agoraphobia |
title | Expert opinion in panic disorder: The impact of COVID-19-related fears, protective devices, and lockdown on panic and agoraphobia |
title_full | Expert opinion in panic disorder: The impact of COVID-19-related fears, protective devices, and lockdown on panic and agoraphobia |
title_fullStr | Expert opinion in panic disorder: The impact of COVID-19-related fears, protective devices, and lockdown on panic and agoraphobia |
title_full_unstemmed | Expert opinion in panic disorder: The impact of COVID-19-related fears, protective devices, and lockdown on panic and agoraphobia |
title_short | Expert opinion in panic disorder: The impact of COVID-19-related fears, protective devices, and lockdown on panic and agoraphobia |
title_sort | expert opinion in panic disorder: the impact of covid-19-related fears, protective devices, and lockdown on panic and agoraphobia |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9767426/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmip.2021.100080 |
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