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Body mass index and childhood symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A within-family Mendelian randomization study
BACKGROUND: Higher BMI in childhood is associated with emotional and behavioural problems, but these associations may not be causal. Results of previous genetic studies imply causal effects but may reflect influence of demography and the family environment. METHODS: This study used data on 40,949 8-...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9767454/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36537070 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.74320 |
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author | Hughes, Amanda M Sanderson, Eleanor Morris, Tim Ayorech, Ziada Tesli, Martin Ask, Helga Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted Andreassen, Ole A Magnus, Per Helgeland, Øyvind Johansson, Stefan Njølstad, Pål Davey Smith, George Havdahl, Alexandra Howe, Laura D Davies, Neil M |
author_facet | Hughes, Amanda M Sanderson, Eleanor Morris, Tim Ayorech, Ziada Tesli, Martin Ask, Helga Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted Andreassen, Ole A Magnus, Per Helgeland, Øyvind Johansson, Stefan Njølstad, Pål Davey Smith, George Havdahl, Alexandra Howe, Laura D Davies, Neil M |
author_sort | Hughes, Amanda M |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Higher BMI in childhood is associated with emotional and behavioural problems, but these associations may not be causal. Results of previous genetic studies imply causal effects but may reflect influence of demography and the family environment. METHODS: This study used data on 40,949 8-year-old children and their parents from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). We investigated the impact of BMI on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at age 8. We applied within-family Mendelian randomization, which accounts for familial effects by controlling for parental genotype. RESULTS: Within-family Mendelian randomization estimates using genetic variants associated with BMI in adults suggested that a child’s own BMI increased their depressive symptoms (per 5 kg/m(2) increase in BMI, beta = 0.26 S.D., CI = −0.01,0.52, p=0.06) and ADHD symptoms (beta = 0.38 S.D., CI = 0.09,0.63, p=0.009). These estimates also suggested maternal BMI, or related factors, may independently affect a child’s depressive symptoms (per 5 kg/m(2) increase in maternal BMI, beta = 0.11 S.D., CI:0.02,0.09, p=0.01). However, within-family Mendelian randomization using genetic variants associated with retrospectively-reported childhood body size did not support an impact of BMI on these outcomes. There was little evidence from any estimate that the parents’ BMI affected the child’s ADHD symptoms, or that the child’s or parents’ BMI affected the child’s anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: We found inconsistent evidence that a child’s BMI affected their depressive and ADHD symptoms, and little evidence that a child’s BMI affected their anxiety symptoms. There was limited evidence of an influence of parents’ BMI. Genetic studies in samples of unrelated individuals, or using genetic variants associated with adult BMI, may have overestimated the causal effects of a child’s own BMI. FUNDING: This research was funded by the Health Foundation. It is part of the HARVEST collaboration, supported by the Research Council of Norway. Individual co-author funding: the European Research Council, the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, the Research Council of Norway, Helse Vest, the Novo Nordisk Foundation, the University of Bergen, the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, the Trond Mohn Foundation, the Western Norway Regional Health Authority, the Norwegian Diabetes Association, the UK Medical Research Council. The Medical Research Council (MRC) and the University of Bristol support the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9767454 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97674542022-12-21 Body mass index and childhood symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A within-family Mendelian randomization study Hughes, Amanda M Sanderson, Eleanor Morris, Tim Ayorech, Ziada Tesli, Martin Ask, Helga Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted Andreassen, Ole A Magnus, Per Helgeland, Øyvind Johansson, Stefan Njølstad, Pål Davey Smith, George Havdahl, Alexandra Howe, Laura D Davies, Neil M eLife Epidemiology and Global Health BACKGROUND: Higher BMI in childhood is associated with emotional and behavioural problems, but these associations may not be causal. Results of previous genetic studies imply causal effects but may reflect influence of demography and the family environment. METHODS: This study used data on 40,949 8-year-old children and their parents from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). We investigated the impact of BMI on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at age 8. We applied within-family Mendelian randomization, which accounts for familial effects by controlling for parental genotype. RESULTS: Within-family Mendelian randomization estimates using genetic variants associated with BMI in adults suggested that a child’s own BMI increased their depressive symptoms (per 5 kg/m(2) increase in BMI, beta = 0.26 S.D., CI = −0.01,0.52, p=0.06) and ADHD symptoms (beta = 0.38 S.D., CI = 0.09,0.63, p=0.009). These estimates also suggested maternal BMI, or related factors, may independently affect a child’s depressive symptoms (per 5 kg/m(2) increase in maternal BMI, beta = 0.11 S.D., CI:0.02,0.09, p=0.01). However, within-family Mendelian randomization using genetic variants associated with retrospectively-reported childhood body size did not support an impact of BMI on these outcomes. There was little evidence from any estimate that the parents’ BMI affected the child’s ADHD symptoms, or that the child’s or parents’ BMI affected the child’s anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: We found inconsistent evidence that a child’s BMI affected their depressive and ADHD symptoms, and little evidence that a child’s BMI affected their anxiety symptoms. There was limited evidence of an influence of parents’ BMI. Genetic studies in samples of unrelated individuals, or using genetic variants associated with adult BMI, may have overestimated the causal effects of a child’s own BMI. FUNDING: This research was funded by the Health Foundation. It is part of the HARVEST collaboration, supported by the Research Council of Norway. Individual co-author funding: the European Research Council, the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, the Research Council of Norway, Helse Vest, the Novo Nordisk Foundation, the University of Bergen, the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, the Trond Mohn Foundation, the Western Norway Regional Health Authority, the Norwegian Diabetes Association, the UK Medical Research Council. The Medical Research Council (MRC) and the University of Bristol support the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2022-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9767454/ /pubmed/36537070 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.74320 Text en © 2022, Hughes et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Epidemiology and Global Health Hughes, Amanda M Sanderson, Eleanor Morris, Tim Ayorech, Ziada Tesli, Martin Ask, Helga Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted Andreassen, Ole A Magnus, Per Helgeland, Øyvind Johansson, Stefan Njølstad, Pål Davey Smith, George Havdahl, Alexandra Howe, Laura D Davies, Neil M Body mass index and childhood symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A within-family Mendelian randomization study |
title | Body mass index and childhood symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A within-family Mendelian randomization study |
title_full | Body mass index and childhood symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A within-family Mendelian randomization study |
title_fullStr | Body mass index and childhood symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A within-family Mendelian randomization study |
title_full_unstemmed | Body mass index and childhood symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A within-family Mendelian randomization study |
title_short | Body mass index and childhood symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A within-family Mendelian randomization study |
title_sort | body mass index and childhood symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a within-family mendelian randomization study |
topic | Epidemiology and Global Health |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9767454/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36537070 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.74320 |
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