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Early distinction of lymph node metastasis in patients with soft tissue sarcoma and individualized survival prediction using the online available nomograms: A population-based analysis
BACKGROUND: The presence of metastatic tumor cells in regional lymph nodes is considered as a significant indicator for inferior prognosis. This study aimed to construct some predictive models to quantify the probability of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and survival rate of patients with soft tissue s...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9767978/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36568161 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.959804 |
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author | Tong, Yuexin Pi, Yangwei Cui, Yuekai Jiang, Liming Gong, Yan Zhao, Dongxu |
author_facet | Tong, Yuexin Pi, Yangwei Cui, Yuekai Jiang, Liming Gong, Yan Zhao, Dongxu |
author_sort | Tong, Yuexin |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The presence of metastatic tumor cells in regional lymph nodes is considered as a significant indicator for inferior prognosis. This study aimed to construct some predictive models to quantify the probability of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and survival rate of patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) with LNM. METHODS: Research data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2017, and data of patients with STS from our medical institution were collected to form an external testing set. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the independent risk factors for developing LNM. On the basis of the identified variables, we developed a diagnostic nomogram to predict the risk of LNM in patients with STS. Those patients with STS presenting with LNM were retrieved to build a cohort for identifying the independent prognostic factors through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Then, two nomograms incorporating the independent prognostic predictors were developed to predict the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) for patients with STS with LNM. Kaplan–Meier (K-M) survival analysis was conducted to study the survival difference. Moreover, validations of these nomograms were performed by the receiver operating characteristic curves, the area under the curve, calibration curves, and the decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: A total of 16,601 patients with STS from the SEER database were enrolled in our study, of which 659 (3.97%) had LNM at the initial diagnosis. K-M survival analysis indicated that patients with LNM had poorer survival rate. Sex, histology, primary site, grade, M stage, and T stage were found to be independently related with development of LNM in patients with STS. Age, grade, histology, M stage, T stage, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery were identified as the independent prognostic factors for OS of patients with STS with LNM, and age, grade, M stage, T stage, radiotherapy, and surgery were determined as the independent prognostic factors for CSS. Subsequently, we constructed three nomograms, and their online versions are as follows: https://tyxupup.shinyapps.io/probabilityofLNMforSTSpatients/, https://tyxupup.shinyapps.io/OSofSTSpatientswithLNM/, and https://tyxupup.shinyapps.io/CSSofSTSpatientswithLNM/. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of diagnostic nomogram were 0.839 in the training set, 0.811 in the testing set, and 0.852 in the external testing set. For prognostic nomograms, the AUCs of 24-, 36-, and 48-month OS were 0.820, 0.794, and 0.792 in the training set and 0.759, 0.728, and 0.775 in the testing set, respectively; the AUCs of 24-, 36-, and 48-month CSS were 0.793, 0.777, and 0.775 in the training set and 0.775, 0.744, and 0.738 in the testing set, respectively. Furthermore, calibration curves suggested that the predicted values were consistent with the actual values. For the DCA, our nomograms showed a superior net benefit across a wider scale of threshold probabilities for the prediction of risk and survival rate for patients with STS with LNM. CONCLUSION: These newly proposed nomograms promise to be useful tools in predicting the risk of LNM for patients with STS and individualized survival prediction for patients with STS with LNM, which may help to guide clinical practice. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9767978 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97679782022-12-22 Early distinction of lymph node metastasis in patients with soft tissue sarcoma and individualized survival prediction using the online available nomograms: A population-based analysis Tong, Yuexin Pi, Yangwei Cui, Yuekai Jiang, Liming Gong, Yan Zhao, Dongxu Front Oncol Oncology BACKGROUND: The presence of metastatic tumor cells in regional lymph nodes is considered as a significant indicator for inferior prognosis. This study aimed to construct some predictive models to quantify the probability of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and survival rate of patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) with LNM. METHODS: Research data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2017, and data of patients with STS from our medical institution were collected to form an external testing set. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the independent risk factors for developing LNM. On the basis of the identified variables, we developed a diagnostic nomogram to predict the risk of LNM in patients with STS. Those patients with STS presenting with LNM were retrieved to build a cohort for identifying the independent prognostic factors through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Then, two nomograms incorporating the independent prognostic predictors were developed to predict the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) for patients with STS with LNM. Kaplan–Meier (K-M) survival analysis was conducted to study the survival difference. Moreover, validations of these nomograms were performed by the receiver operating characteristic curves, the area under the curve, calibration curves, and the decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: A total of 16,601 patients with STS from the SEER database were enrolled in our study, of which 659 (3.97%) had LNM at the initial diagnosis. K-M survival analysis indicated that patients with LNM had poorer survival rate. Sex, histology, primary site, grade, M stage, and T stage were found to be independently related with development of LNM in patients with STS. Age, grade, histology, M stage, T stage, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery were identified as the independent prognostic factors for OS of patients with STS with LNM, and age, grade, M stage, T stage, radiotherapy, and surgery were determined as the independent prognostic factors for CSS. Subsequently, we constructed three nomograms, and their online versions are as follows: https://tyxupup.shinyapps.io/probabilityofLNMforSTSpatients/, https://tyxupup.shinyapps.io/OSofSTSpatientswithLNM/, and https://tyxupup.shinyapps.io/CSSofSTSpatientswithLNM/. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of diagnostic nomogram were 0.839 in the training set, 0.811 in the testing set, and 0.852 in the external testing set. For prognostic nomograms, the AUCs of 24-, 36-, and 48-month OS were 0.820, 0.794, and 0.792 in the training set and 0.759, 0.728, and 0.775 in the testing set, respectively; the AUCs of 24-, 36-, and 48-month CSS were 0.793, 0.777, and 0.775 in the training set and 0.775, 0.744, and 0.738 in the testing set, respectively. Furthermore, calibration curves suggested that the predicted values were consistent with the actual values. For the DCA, our nomograms showed a superior net benefit across a wider scale of threshold probabilities for the prediction of risk and survival rate for patients with STS with LNM. CONCLUSION: These newly proposed nomograms promise to be useful tools in predicting the risk of LNM for patients with STS and individualized survival prediction for patients with STS with LNM, which may help to guide clinical practice. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-12-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9767978/ /pubmed/36568161 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.959804 Text en Copyright © 2022 Tong, Pi, Cui, Jiang, Gong and Zhao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Oncology Tong, Yuexin Pi, Yangwei Cui, Yuekai Jiang, Liming Gong, Yan Zhao, Dongxu Early distinction of lymph node metastasis in patients with soft tissue sarcoma and individualized survival prediction using the online available nomograms: A population-based analysis |
title | Early distinction of lymph node metastasis in patients with soft tissue sarcoma and individualized survival prediction using the online available nomograms: A population-based analysis |
title_full | Early distinction of lymph node metastasis in patients with soft tissue sarcoma and individualized survival prediction using the online available nomograms: A population-based analysis |
title_fullStr | Early distinction of lymph node metastasis in patients with soft tissue sarcoma and individualized survival prediction using the online available nomograms: A population-based analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Early distinction of lymph node metastasis in patients with soft tissue sarcoma and individualized survival prediction using the online available nomograms: A population-based analysis |
title_short | Early distinction of lymph node metastasis in patients with soft tissue sarcoma and individualized survival prediction using the online available nomograms: A population-based analysis |
title_sort | early distinction of lymph node metastasis in patients with soft tissue sarcoma and individualized survival prediction using the online available nomograms: a population-based analysis |
topic | Oncology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9767978/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36568161 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.959804 |
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