Parts-per-billion-level detection of hydrogen sulfide based on doubly resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy with line-locking

We report on the development of a highly sensitive hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) gas sensor exploiting the doubly resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy technique and using a near-infrared laser emitting at 1578.128 nm. By targeting the R(4) transition of H(2)S, we achieved a minimum detection limit of 10 part per billion in concentration and a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 8.9 × 10(−12) W cm(−1) Hz(−1/2). A laser-cavity-molecule locking strategy is proposed to enhance the sensor stability for fast measurement when dealing with external disturbances. A comparison among the state-of-the-art H(2)S sensors using various spectroscopic techniques confirmed the record sensitivity achieved in this work.