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Inequalities in mortality associated with housing conditions in Belgium between 1991 and 2020

BACKGROUND: Poor housing conditions have been associated with increased mortality. Our objective is to investigate the association between housing inequality and increased mortality in Belgium and to estimate the number of deaths that could be prevented if the population of the whole country faced t...

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Autores principales: Otavova, Martina, Faes, Christel, Bouland, Catherine, De Clercq, Eva, Vandeninden, Bram, Eggerickx, Thierry, Sanderson, Jean-Paul, Devleesschauwer, Brecht, Masquelier, Bruno
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9769013/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36539802
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14819-w
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author Otavova, Martina
Faes, Christel
Bouland, Catherine
De Clercq, Eva
Vandeninden, Bram
Eggerickx, Thierry
Sanderson, Jean-Paul
Devleesschauwer, Brecht
Masquelier, Bruno
author_facet Otavova, Martina
Faes, Christel
Bouland, Catherine
De Clercq, Eva
Vandeninden, Bram
Eggerickx, Thierry
Sanderson, Jean-Paul
Devleesschauwer, Brecht
Masquelier, Bruno
author_sort Otavova, Martina
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Poor housing conditions have been associated with increased mortality. Our objective is to investigate the association between housing inequality and increased mortality in Belgium and to estimate the number of deaths that could be prevented if the population of the whole country faced the mortality rates experienced in areas that are least deprived in terms of housing. METHODS: We used individual-level mortality data extracted from the National Register in Belgium and relative to deaths that occurred between Jan. 1, 1991, and Dec. 31, 2020. Spatial and time-specific housing deprivation indices (1991, 2001, and 2011) were created at the level of the smallest geographical unit in Belgium, with these units assigned into deciles from the most to the least deprived. We calculated mortality associated with housing inequality as the difference between observed and expected deaths by applying mortality rates of the least deprived decile to other deciles. We also used standard life table calculations to estimate the potential years of life lost due housing inequality. RESULTS: Up to 18.5% (95% CI 17.7–19.3) of all deaths between 1991 and 2020 may be associated with housing inequality, corresponding to 584,875 deaths. Over time, life expectancy at birth increased for the most and least deprived deciles by about 3.5 years. The gap in life expectancy between the two deciles remained high, on average 4.6 years. Life expectancy in Belgium would increase by approximately 3 years if all deciles had the mortality rates of the least deprived decile. CONCLUSIONS: Thousands of deaths in Belgium could be avoided if all Belgian neighborhoods had the mortality rates of the least deprived areas in terms of housing. Hotspots of housing inequalities need to be located and targeted with tailored public actions. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14819-w.
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spelling pubmed-97690132022-12-22 Inequalities in mortality associated with housing conditions in Belgium between 1991 and 2020 Otavova, Martina Faes, Christel Bouland, Catherine De Clercq, Eva Vandeninden, Bram Eggerickx, Thierry Sanderson, Jean-Paul Devleesschauwer, Brecht Masquelier, Bruno BMC Public Health Research BACKGROUND: Poor housing conditions have been associated with increased mortality. Our objective is to investigate the association between housing inequality and increased mortality in Belgium and to estimate the number of deaths that could be prevented if the population of the whole country faced the mortality rates experienced in areas that are least deprived in terms of housing. METHODS: We used individual-level mortality data extracted from the National Register in Belgium and relative to deaths that occurred between Jan. 1, 1991, and Dec. 31, 2020. Spatial and time-specific housing deprivation indices (1991, 2001, and 2011) were created at the level of the smallest geographical unit in Belgium, with these units assigned into deciles from the most to the least deprived. We calculated mortality associated with housing inequality as the difference between observed and expected deaths by applying mortality rates of the least deprived decile to other deciles. We also used standard life table calculations to estimate the potential years of life lost due housing inequality. RESULTS: Up to 18.5% (95% CI 17.7–19.3) of all deaths between 1991 and 2020 may be associated with housing inequality, corresponding to 584,875 deaths. Over time, life expectancy at birth increased for the most and least deprived deciles by about 3.5 years. The gap in life expectancy between the two deciles remained high, on average 4.6 years. Life expectancy in Belgium would increase by approximately 3 years if all deciles had the mortality rates of the least deprived decile. CONCLUSIONS: Thousands of deaths in Belgium could be avoided if all Belgian neighborhoods had the mortality rates of the least deprived areas in terms of housing. Hotspots of housing inequalities need to be located and targeted with tailored public actions. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14819-w. BioMed Central 2022-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9769013/ /pubmed/36539802 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14819-w Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Otavova, Martina
Faes, Christel
Bouland, Catherine
De Clercq, Eva
Vandeninden, Bram
Eggerickx, Thierry
Sanderson, Jean-Paul
Devleesschauwer, Brecht
Masquelier, Bruno
Inequalities in mortality associated with housing conditions in Belgium between 1991 and 2020
title Inequalities in mortality associated with housing conditions in Belgium between 1991 and 2020
title_full Inequalities in mortality associated with housing conditions in Belgium between 1991 and 2020
title_fullStr Inequalities in mortality associated with housing conditions in Belgium between 1991 and 2020
title_full_unstemmed Inequalities in mortality associated with housing conditions in Belgium between 1991 and 2020
title_short Inequalities in mortality associated with housing conditions in Belgium between 1991 and 2020
title_sort inequalities in mortality associated with housing conditions in belgium between 1991 and 2020
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9769013/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36539802
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14819-w
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