One-Step Rapid and Sensitive ASFV p30 Antibody Detection via Nanoplasmonic Biosensors

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most serious transnational swine diseases in the world. The case fatality rate of susceptible pigs is up to 100%. Currently, no commercial vaccine is available, so the prevention and control of ASF mainly relies on early diagnosis and culling of infected pigs. As the ASF virus continues to evolve, develop, and diversify, nucleic acid testing becomes less efficient. Here, we developed a method for the rapid and direct optical measurement of African swine fever virus (ASFV) antibody in vitro. This one-step procedure requires nearly no sample preparation and involves p30 protein-specific label-free integration into standard 96-well plates. Using a nanoplasmonic biosensor with extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) effect, one-step sample addition, ASFV antibody was detected within 20 min. The positive antibody showed a satisfactory sensitivity and linear relationship in the dilution ratio of 1:100–1:16000. It was used for the detection of clinical serum samples with a coincidence rate of 96.6%. The measurement results can be automatically analyzed and displayed on a conventional microplate meter computer and connected device. Our detection method can be widely applied in point-of-care testing (POCT) of ASFV antibody in pig farms. IMPORTANCE African swine fever (ASF) is a serious transnational disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), which is highly contagious in wild boars and domestic pigs. There is currently no available vaccine for ASF; therefore, development efforts are a key priority as ASFV continues to evolve and diversify. The ASF antibody rapid detection platform comprising the nanoplasmonic biosensor with extraordinary optical transmission effect can greatly reduce the detection time and improve detection flux while maintaining detection sensitivity and specificity. The one-step sample addition can effectively avoid cross contamination of samples in the detection process. The detection method provides a solution for the rapid and accurate real-time monitoring of ASF in pig farms.