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Plant Signals Anticipate the Induction of the Type III Secretion System in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Facilitating Efficient Temperature-Dependent Effector Translocation

Disease resistance in plants depends on a molecular dialogue with microbes that involves many known chemical effectors, but the time course of the interaction and the influence of the environment are largely unknown. The outcome of host-pathogen interactions is thought to reflect the offensive and d...

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Autores principales: Puttilli, Maria Rita, Danzi, Davide, Correia, Cristiana, Brandi, Jessica, Cecconi, Daniela, Manfredi, Marcello, Marengo, Emilio, Santos, Conceição, Spinelli, Francesco, Polverari, Annalisa, Vandelle, Elodie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Society for Microbiology 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9770001/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36287008
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02073-22
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author Puttilli, Maria Rita
Danzi, Davide
Correia, Cristiana
Brandi, Jessica
Cecconi, Daniela
Manfredi, Marcello
Marengo, Emilio
Santos, Conceição
Spinelli, Francesco
Polverari, Annalisa
Vandelle, Elodie
author_facet Puttilli, Maria Rita
Danzi, Davide
Correia, Cristiana
Brandi, Jessica
Cecconi, Daniela
Manfredi, Marcello
Marengo, Emilio
Santos, Conceição
Spinelli, Francesco
Polverari, Annalisa
Vandelle, Elodie
author_sort Puttilli, Maria Rita
collection PubMed
description Disease resistance in plants depends on a molecular dialogue with microbes that involves many known chemical effectors, but the time course of the interaction and the influence of the environment are largely unknown. The outcome of host-pathogen interactions is thought to reflect the offensive and defensive capabilities of both players. When plants interact with Pseudomonas syringae, several well-characterized virulence factors contribute to early bacterial pathogenicity, including the type III secretion system (T3SS), which must be activated by signals from the plant and environment to allow the secretion of virulence effectors. The manner in which these signals regulate T3SS activity is still unclear. Here, we strengthen the paradigm of the plant-pathogen molecular dialogue by addressing overlooked details concerning the timing of interactions, specifically the role of plant signals and temperature on the regulation of bacterial virulence during the first few hours of the interaction. Whole-genome expression profiling after 1 h revealed that the perception of plant signals from kiwifruit or tomato extracts anticipated T3SS expression in P. syringae pv. actinidiae compared to apoplast-like conditions, facilitating more efficient effector transport in planta, as revealed by the induction of a temperature-dependent hypersensitive response in the nonhost plant Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 (Col-0). Our results show that in the arms race between plants and bacteria, the temperature-dependent timing of bacterial virulence versus the induction of plant defenses is probably one of the fundamental parameters governing the outcome of the interaction. IMPORTANCE Plant diseases—their occurrence and severity—result from the impact of three factors: the host, the pathogen, and the environmental conditions, interconnected in the disease triangle. Time was further included as a fourth factor accounting for plant disease, leading to a more realistic three-dimensional disease pyramid to represent the evolution of disease over time. However, this representation still considers time only as a parameter determining when and to what extent a disease will occur, at a scale from days to months. Here, we show that time is a factor regulating the arms race between plants and pathogens, at a scale from minutes to hours, and strictly depends on environmental factors. Thus, besides the arms possessed by pathogens and plants per se, the opportunity and the timing of arms mobilization make the difference in determining the outcome of an interaction and thus the occurrence of plant disease.
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spelling pubmed-97700012022-12-22 Plant Signals Anticipate the Induction of the Type III Secretion System in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Facilitating Efficient Temperature-Dependent Effector Translocation Puttilli, Maria Rita Danzi, Davide Correia, Cristiana Brandi, Jessica Cecconi, Daniela Manfredi, Marcello Marengo, Emilio Santos, Conceição Spinelli, Francesco Polverari, Annalisa Vandelle, Elodie Microbiol Spectr Research Article Disease resistance in plants depends on a molecular dialogue with microbes that involves many known chemical effectors, but the time course of the interaction and the influence of the environment are largely unknown. The outcome of host-pathogen interactions is thought to reflect the offensive and defensive capabilities of both players. When plants interact with Pseudomonas syringae, several well-characterized virulence factors contribute to early bacterial pathogenicity, including the type III secretion system (T3SS), which must be activated by signals from the plant and environment to allow the secretion of virulence effectors. The manner in which these signals regulate T3SS activity is still unclear. Here, we strengthen the paradigm of the plant-pathogen molecular dialogue by addressing overlooked details concerning the timing of interactions, specifically the role of plant signals and temperature on the regulation of bacterial virulence during the first few hours of the interaction. Whole-genome expression profiling after 1 h revealed that the perception of plant signals from kiwifruit or tomato extracts anticipated T3SS expression in P. syringae pv. actinidiae compared to apoplast-like conditions, facilitating more efficient effector transport in planta, as revealed by the induction of a temperature-dependent hypersensitive response in the nonhost plant Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 (Col-0). Our results show that in the arms race between plants and bacteria, the temperature-dependent timing of bacterial virulence versus the induction of plant defenses is probably one of the fundamental parameters governing the outcome of the interaction. IMPORTANCE Plant diseases—their occurrence and severity—result from the impact of three factors: the host, the pathogen, and the environmental conditions, interconnected in the disease triangle. Time was further included as a fourth factor accounting for plant disease, leading to a more realistic three-dimensional disease pyramid to represent the evolution of disease over time. However, this representation still considers time only as a parameter determining when and to what extent a disease will occur, at a scale from days to months. Here, we show that time is a factor regulating the arms race between plants and pathogens, at a scale from minutes to hours, and strictly depends on environmental factors. Thus, besides the arms possessed by pathogens and plants per se, the opportunity and the timing of arms mobilization make the difference in determining the outcome of an interaction and thus the occurrence of plant disease. American Society for Microbiology 2022-10-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9770001/ /pubmed/36287008 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02073-22 Text en Copyright © 2022 Puttilli et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Research Article
Puttilli, Maria Rita
Danzi, Davide
Correia, Cristiana
Brandi, Jessica
Cecconi, Daniela
Manfredi, Marcello
Marengo, Emilio
Santos, Conceição
Spinelli, Francesco
Polverari, Annalisa
Vandelle, Elodie
Plant Signals Anticipate the Induction of the Type III Secretion System in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Facilitating Efficient Temperature-Dependent Effector Translocation
title Plant Signals Anticipate the Induction of the Type III Secretion System in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Facilitating Efficient Temperature-Dependent Effector Translocation
title_full Plant Signals Anticipate the Induction of the Type III Secretion System in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Facilitating Efficient Temperature-Dependent Effector Translocation
title_fullStr Plant Signals Anticipate the Induction of the Type III Secretion System in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Facilitating Efficient Temperature-Dependent Effector Translocation
title_full_unstemmed Plant Signals Anticipate the Induction of the Type III Secretion System in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Facilitating Efficient Temperature-Dependent Effector Translocation
title_short Plant Signals Anticipate the Induction of the Type III Secretion System in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Facilitating Efficient Temperature-Dependent Effector Translocation
title_sort plant signals anticipate the induction of the type iii secretion system in pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, facilitating efficient temperature-dependent effector translocation
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9770001/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36287008
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02073-22
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