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Disparities in the prevalence of screened depression at different altitudes in Peru: A retrospective analysis of the ENDES 2019

INTRODUCTION: Depression is a public health concern, nearing 1.5 million cases and accounting for 9.7% of years lost due to disability. Several factors, including altitude, contribute to its development. Altitude has become a topic for recent research, but its association with depressive symptoms ha...

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Autores principales: Zegarra-Rodríguez, Cynthia Alejandra, Plasencia-Dueñas, Nahún Raphael, Failoc-Rojas, Virgilio E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9770421/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36542597
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278947
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author Zegarra-Rodríguez, Cynthia Alejandra
Plasencia-Dueñas, Nahún Raphael
Failoc-Rojas, Virgilio E.
author_facet Zegarra-Rodríguez, Cynthia Alejandra
Plasencia-Dueñas, Nahún Raphael
Failoc-Rojas, Virgilio E.
author_sort Zegarra-Rodríguez, Cynthia Alejandra
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Depression is a public health concern, nearing 1.5 million cases and accounting for 9.7% of years lost due to disability. Several factors, including altitude, contribute to its development. Altitude has become a topic for recent research, but its association with depressive symptoms has not been fully clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between altitude and depressive symptoms in the Peruvian population. METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional study of the 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES in Spanish) was conducted. The dependent variable, depressive symptoms, was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the independent variable, altitude, was categorized into: <1500 meters above sea level (masl), 1500–2499 masl and ≥2500 masl. To evaluate the association between altitude and depressive symptoms, we used Poisson regression model, constructing crude and multiple models. RESULTS: Of those living at 1500 to 2499 masl and ≥2500 masl, 7.23% and 7.12% had depressive symptoms, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, high altitude was found to be associated with depressive symptoms (prevalence ratio adjusted (aPR): 1.38, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.84; aPR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.20–1.66). CONCLUSIONS: A statistically significant association was found between high altitude and depressive symptoms. This may be attributable to hypobaric hypoxia that occurs at high altitudes and its effects on brain function. This study’s findings should be considered to identify the population at risk and expand the coverage of preventive and therapeutic measures in high-altitude areas of Peru with poor access to health services.
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spelling pubmed-97704212022-12-22 Disparities in the prevalence of screened depression at different altitudes in Peru: A retrospective analysis of the ENDES 2019 Zegarra-Rodríguez, Cynthia Alejandra Plasencia-Dueñas, Nahún Raphael Failoc-Rojas, Virgilio E. PLoS One Research Article INTRODUCTION: Depression is a public health concern, nearing 1.5 million cases and accounting for 9.7% of years lost due to disability. Several factors, including altitude, contribute to its development. Altitude has become a topic for recent research, but its association with depressive symptoms has not been fully clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between altitude and depressive symptoms in the Peruvian population. METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional study of the 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES in Spanish) was conducted. The dependent variable, depressive symptoms, was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the independent variable, altitude, was categorized into: <1500 meters above sea level (masl), 1500–2499 masl and ≥2500 masl. To evaluate the association between altitude and depressive symptoms, we used Poisson regression model, constructing crude and multiple models. RESULTS: Of those living at 1500 to 2499 masl and ≥2500 masl, 7.23% and 7.12% had depressive symptoms, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, high altitude was found to be associated with depressive symptoms (prevalence ratio adjusted (aPR): 1.38, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.84; aPR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.20–1.66). CONCLUSIONS: A statistically significant association was found between high altitude and depressive symptoms. This may be attributable to hypobaric hypoxia that occurs at high altitudes and its effects on brain function. This study’s findings should be considered to identify the population at risk and expand the coverage of preventive and therapeutic measures in high-altitude areas of Peru with poor access to health services. Public Library of Science 2022-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9770421/ /pubmed/36542597 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278947 Text en © 2022 Zegarra-Rodríguez et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zegarra-Rodríguez, Cynthia Alejandra
Plasencia-Dueñas, Nahún Raphael
Failoc-Rojas, Virgilio E.
Disparities in the prevalence of screened depression at different altitudes in Peru: A retrospective analysis of the ENDES 2019
title Disparities in the prevalence of screened depression at different altitudes in Peru: A retrospective analysis of the ENDES 2019
title_full Disparities in the prevalence of screened depression at different altitudes in Peru: A retrospective analysis of the ENDES 2019
title_fullStr Disparities in the prevalence of screened depression at different altitudes in Peru: A retrospective analysis of the ENDES 2019
title_full_unstemmed Disparities in the prevalence of screened depression at different altitudes in Peru: A retrospective analysis of the ENDES 2019
title_short Disparities in the prevalence of screened depression at different altitudes in Peru: A retrospective analysis of the ENDES 2019
title_sort disparities in the prevalence of screened depression at different altitudes in peru: a retrospective analysis of the endes 2019
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9770421/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36542597
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278947
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