Risk Factors for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Different Insulin Resistance in a Nonobese Chinese Population

PURPOSES: The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors of nonobese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) individuals under different insulin resistance status. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Medical Center of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University. NAFLD was diagnosed based upon ultrasonographic findings consistent with fatty liver disease. RESULTS: A total of 1257 nonobese adults (625 non-NAFLD and 632 nonobese NAFLD) with body mass index (BMI) 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2) were enrolled in the study. And all patients were divided into homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA − IR) > 1 group and HOMA − IR ≤ 1 group. When all the variables were adjusted in both the HOMA − IR > 1 group and HOMA − IR ≤ 1 group, older age (>50 years), higher BMI (23.0-24.9 kg/m(2)), higher AST (>18 U/L), higher TG (>0.9 mmol/L), higher GLU (>5.25 mmol/L), and higher HbA1C (>5.5%) were associated with higher risks of nonobese NAFLD. In patients with HOMA − IR > 1, lower homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) (<47.1%) (OR, 7.460, 95% CI, 3.051-18.238, P < 0.001) was associated with higher risks of nonobese NAFLD. CONCLUSION: s. Metabolic profiles (i.e., higher BMI, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and higher glycosylated hemoglobin) are risk factors of nonobese NAFLD, regardless of insulin resistance status. Decreased function of pancreatic β-cells may be the risk factor of nonobese NAFLD with insulin resistance, who should pay attention to further development of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction.