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Differences in retinopathy prevalence and associated risk factors across 11 countries in three continents: A cross‐sectional study of 156,090 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence, time trends, and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) from 11 countries (Australia, Austria, Denmark, England, Germany, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Slovenia, United States, and Wales). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data on...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley & Sons A/S
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9771999/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36097824 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13416 |
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author | Bratina, Natasa Auzanneau, Marie Birkebæk, Niels de Beaufort, Carine Cherubini, Valentino Craig, Maria E. Dabelea, Dana Dovc, Klemen Hofer, Sabine E. Holl, Reinhard W. Jensen, Elizabeth T. Mul, Dick Nagl, Katrin Robinson, Holly Schierloh, Ulrike Svensson, Jannet Tiberi, Valentina Veeze, Henk J. Warner, Justin T. Donaghue, Kim C. |
author_facet | Bratina, Natasa Auzanneau, Marie Birkebæk, Niels de Beaufort, Carine Cherubini, Valentino Craig, Maria E. Dabelea, Dana Dovc, Klemen Hofer, Sabine E. Holl, Reinhard W. Jensen, Elizabeth T. Mul, Dick Nagl, Katrin Robinson, Holly Schierloh, Ulrike Svensson, Jannet Tiberi, Valentina Veeze, Henk J. Warner, Justin T. Donaghue, Kim C. |
author_sort | Bratina, Natasa |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence, time trends, and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) from 11 countries (Australia, Austria, Denmark, England, Germany, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Slovenia, United States, and Wales). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data on individuals aged 10–21 years with T1D for >1 year during the period 2000–2020 were analyzed. We used a cross‐sectional design using the most recent year of visit to investigate the time trend. For datasets with longitudinal data, we aggregated the variables per participant and observational year, using data of the most recent year to take the longest observation period into account. DR screening was performed through quality assured national screening programs. Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for the year of the eye examination, age, gender, minority status, and duration of T1D were used to evaluate clinical characteristics and the risk of DR. RESULTS: Data from 156,090 individuals (47.1% female, median age 15.7 years, median duration of diabetes 5.2 years) were included. Overall, the unadjusted prevalence of any DR was 5.8%, varying from 0.0% (0/276) to 16.2% between countries. The probability of DR increased with longer disease duration (aOR(per‐1‐year‐increase) = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03–1.04, p < 0.0001), and decreased over time (aOR(per‐1‐year‐increase) = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–1.00, p = 0.0093). Evaluating possible modifiable risk factors in the exploratory analysis, the probability of DR increased with higher HbA1c (aOR(per‐1‐mmol/mol‐increase‐in‐HbA1c) = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.03–1.03, p < 0.0001) and was higher among individuals with hypertension (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.11–1.38, p < 0.0001) and smokers (aOR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.17–1.44, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of DR in this large cohort of youth with T1D varied among countries, increased with diabetes duration, decreased over time, and was associated with higher HbA1c, hypertension, and smoking. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9771999 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley & Sons A/S |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97719992023-04-12 Differences in retinopathy prevalence and associated risk factors across 11 countries in three continents: A cross‐sectional study of 156,090 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes Bratina, Natasa Auzanneau, Marie Birkebæk, Niels de Beaufort, Carine Cherubini, Valentino Craig, Maria E. Dabelea, Dana Dovc, Klemen Hofer, Sabine E. Holl, Reinhard W. Jensen, Elizabeth T. Mul, Dick Nagl, Katrin Robinson, Holly Schierloh, Ulrike Svensson, Jannet Tiberi, Valentina Veeze, Henk J. Warner, Justin T. Donaghue, Kim C. Pediatr Diabetes Complications OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence, time trends, and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) from 11 countries (Australia, Austria, Denmark, England, Germany, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Slovenia, United States, and Wales). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data on individuals aged 10–21 years with T1D for >1 year during the period 2000–2020 were analyzed. We used a cross‐sectional design using the most recent year of visit to investigate the time trend. For datasets with longitudinal data, we aggregated the variables per participant and observational year, using data of the most recent year to take the longest observation period into account. DR screening was performed through quality assured national screening programs. Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for the year of the eye examination, age, gender, minority status, and duration of T1D were used to evaluate clinical characteristics and the risk of DR. RESULTS: Data from 156,090 individuals (47.1% female, median age 15.7 years, median duration of diabetes 5.2 years) were included. Overall, the unadjusted prevalence of any DR was 5.8%, varying from 0.0% (0/276) to 16.2% between countries. The probability of DR increased with longer disease duration (aOR(per‐1‐year‐increase) = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03–1.04, p < 0.0001), and decreased over time (aOR(per‐1‐year‐increase) = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–1.00, p = 0.0093). Evaluating possible modifiable risk factors in the exploratory analysis, the probability of DR increased with higher HbA1c (aOR(per‐1‐mmol/mol‐increase‐in‐HbA1c) = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.03–1.03, p < 0.0001) and was higher among individuals with hypertension (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.11–1.38, p < 0.0001) and smokers (aOR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.17–1.44, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of DR in this large cohort of youth with T1D varied among countries, increased with diabetes duration, decreased over time, and was associated with higher HbA1c, hypertension, and smoking. John Wiley & Sons A/S 2022-09-22 2022-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9771999/ /pubmed/36097824 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13416 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Pediatric Diabetes published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Complications Bratina, Natasa Auzanneau, Marie Birkebæk, Niels de Beaufort, Carine Cherubini, Valentino Craig, Maria E. Dabelea, Dana Dovc, Klemen Hofer, Sabine E. Holl, Reinhard W. Jensen, Elizabeth T. Mul, Dick Nagl, Katrin Robinson, Holly Schierloh, Ulrike Svensson, Jannet Tiberi, Valentina Veeze, Henk J. Warner, Justin T. Donaghue, Kim C. Differences in retinopathy prevalence and associated risk factors across 11 countries in three continents: A cross‐sectional study of 156,090 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes |
title | Differences in retinopathy prevalence and associated risk factors across 11 countries in three continents: A cross‐sectional study of 156,090 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes |
title_full | Differences in retinopathy prevalence and associated risk factors across 11 countries in three continents: A cross‐sectional study of 156,090 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes |
title_fullStr | Differences in retinopathy prevalence and associated risk factors across 11 countries in three continents: A cross‐sectional study of 156,090 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes |
title_full_unstemmed | Differences in retinopathy prevalence and associated risk factors across 11 countries in three continents: A cross‐sectional study of 156,090 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes |
title_short | Differences in retinopathy prevalence and associated risk factors across 11 countries in three continents: A cross‐sectional study of 156,090 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes |
title_sort | differences in retinopathy prevalence and associated risk factors across 11 countries in three continents: a cross‐sectional study of 156,090 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes |
topic | Complications |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9771999/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36097824 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13416 |
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