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Smartphone-based particle image velocimetry for cardiovascular flows applications: A focus on coronary arteries
An experimental set-up is presented for the in vitro characterization of the fluid dynamics in personalized phantoms of healthy and stenosed coronary arteries. The proposed set-up was fine-tuned with the aim of obtaining a compact, flexible, low-cost test-bench for biomedical applications. Technical...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9772456/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36568311 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1011806 |
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author | Caridi, Giuseppe C. A. Torta, Elena Mazzi, Valentina Chiastra, Claudio Audenino, Alberto L. Morbiducci, Umberto Gallo, Diego |
author_facet | Caridi, Giuseppe C. A. Torta, Elena Mazzi, Valentina Chiastra, Claudio Audenino, Alberto L. Morbiducci, Umberto Gallo, Diego |
author_sort | Caridi, Giuseppe C. A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | An experimental set-up is presented for the in vitro characterization of the fluid dynamics in personalized phantoms of healthy and stenosed coronary arteries. The proposed set-up was fine-tuned with the aim of obtaining a compact, flexible, low-cost test-bench for biomedical applications. Technically, velocity vector fields were measured adopting a so-called smart-PIV approach, consisting of a smartphone camera and a low-power continuous laser (30 mW). Experiments were conducted in realistic healthy and stenosed 3D-printed phantoms of left anterior descending coronary artery reconstructed from angiographic images. Time resolved image acquisition was made possible by the combination of the image acquisition frame rate of last generation commercial smartphones and the flow regimes characterizing coronary hemodynamics (velocities in the order of 10 cm/s). Different flow regimes (Reynolds numbers ranging from 20 to 200) were analyzed. The smart-PIV approach was able to provide both qualitative flow visualizations and quantitative results. A comparison between smart-PIV and conventional PIV (i.e., the gold-standard experimental technique for bioflows characterization) measurements showed a good agreement in the measured velocity vector fields for both the healthy and the stenosed coronary phantoms. Displacement errors and uncertainties, estimated by applying the particle disparity method, confirmed the soundness of the proposed smart-PIV approach, as their values fell within the same range for both smart and conventional PIV measured data (≈5% for the normalized estimated displacement error and below 1.2 pixels for displacement uncertainty). In conclusion, smart-PIV represents an easy-to-implement, low-cost methodology for obtaining an adequately robust experimental characterization of cardiovascular flows. The proposed approach, to be intended as a proof of concept, candidates to become an easy-to-handle test bench suitable for use also outside of research labs, e.g., for educational or industrial purposes, or as first-line investigation to direct and guide subsequent conventional PIV measurements. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9772456 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97724562022-12-23 Smartphone-based particle image velocimetry for cardiovascular flows applications: A focus on coronary arteries Caridi, Giuseppe C. A. Torta, Elena Mazzi, Valentina Chiastra, Claudio Audenino, Alberto L. Morbiducci, Umberto Gallo, Diego Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology An experimental set-up is presented for the in vitro characterization of the fluid dynamics in personalized phantoms of healthy and stenosed coronary arteries. The proposed set-up was fine-tuned with the aim of obtaining a compact, flexible, low-cost test-bench for biomedical applications. Technically, velocity vector fields were measured adopting a so-called smart-PIV approach, consisting of a smartphone camera and a low-power continuous laser (30 mW). Experiments were conducted in realistic healthy and stenosed 3D-printed phantoms of left anterior descending coronary artery reconstructed from angiographic images. Time resolved image acquisition was made possible by the combination of the image acquisition frame rate of last generation commercial smartphones and the flow regimes characterizing coronary hemodynamics (velocities in the order of 10 cm/s). Different flow regimes (Reynolds numbers ranging from 20 to 200) were analyzed. The smart-PIV approach was able to provide both qualitative flow visualizations and quantitative results. A comparison between smart-PIV and conventional PIV (i.e., the gold-standard experimental technique for bioflows characterization) measurements showed a good agreement in the measured velocity vector fields for both the healthy and the stenosed coronary phantoms. Displacement errors and uncertainties, estimated by applying the particle disparity method, confirmed the soundness of the proposed smart-PIV approach, as their values fell within the same range for both smart and conventional PIV measured data (≈5% for the normalized estimated displacement error and below 1.2 pixels for displacement uncertainty). In conclusion, smart-PIV represents an easy-to-implement, low-cost methodology for obtaining an adequately robust experimental characterization of cardiovascular flows. The proposed approach, to be intended as a proof of concept, candidates to become an easy-to-handle test bench suitable for use also outside of research labs, e.g., for educational or industrial purposes, or as first-line investigation to direct and guide subsequent conventional PIV measurements. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-12-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9772456/ /pubmed/36568311 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1011806 Text en Copyright © 2022 Caridi, Torta, Mazzi, Chiastra, Audenino, Morbiducci and Gallo. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Bioengineering and Biotechnology Caridi, Giuseppe C. A. Torta, Elena Mazzi, Valentina Chiastra, Claudio Audenino, Alberto L. Morbiducci, Umberto Gallo, Diego Smartphone-based particle image velocimetry for cardiovascular flows applications: A focus on coronary arteries |
title | Smartphone-based particle image velocimetry for cardiovascular flows applications: A focus on coronary arteries |
title_full | Smartphone-based particle image velocimetry for cardiovascular flows applications: A focus on coronary arteries |
title_fullStr | Smartphone-based particle image velocimetry for cardiovascular flows applications: A focus on coronary arteries |
title_full_unstemmed | Smartphone-based particle image velocimetry for cardiovascular flows applications: A focus on coronary arteries |
title_short | Smartphone-based particle image velocimetry for cardiovascular flows applications: A focus on coronary arteries |
title_sort | smartphone-based particle image velocimetry for cardiovascular flows applications: a focus on coronary arteries |
topic | Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9772456/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36568311 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1011806 |
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