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Hexavalent-Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Protective Role of Antioxidants against Cellular Toxicity

Hexavalent chromium is a highly soluble environmental contaminant. It is a widespread anthropogenic chromium species that is 100 times more toxic than trivalent chromium. Leather, chrome plating, coal mining and paint industries are the major sources of hexavalent chromium in water. Hexavalent chrom...

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Autores principales: Singh, Veer, Singh, Nidhi, Verma, Manisha, Kamal, Rashmi, Tiwari, Ritesh, Sanjay Chivate, Mahesh, Rai, Sachchida Nand, Kumar, Ashish, Singh, Anupama, Singh, Mohan P., Vamanu, Emanuel, Mishra, Vishal
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9774749/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36552581
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122375
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author Singh, Veer
Singh, Nidhi
Verma, Manisha
Kamal, Rashmi
Tiwari, Ritesh
Sanjay Chivate, Mahesh
Rai, Sachchida Nand
Kumar, Ashish
Singh, Anupama
Singh, Mohan P.
Vamanu, Emanuel
Mishra, Vishal
author_facet Singh, Veer
Singh, Nidhi
Verma, Manisha
Kamal, Rashmi
Tiwari, Ritesh
Sanjay Chivate, Mahesh
Rai, Sachchida Nand
Kumar, Ashish
Singh, Anupama
Singh, Mohan P.
Vamanu, Emanuel
Mishra, Vishal
author_sort Singh, Veer
collection PubMed
description Hexavalent chromium is a highly soluble environmental contaminant. It is a widespread anthropogenic chromium species that is 100 times more toxic than trivalent chromium. Leather, chrome plating, coal mining and paint industries are the major sources of hexavalent chromium in water. Hexavalent chromium is widely recognised as a carcinogen and mutagen in humans and other animals. It is also responsible for multiorgan damage, such as kidney damage, liver failure, heart failure, skin disease and lung dysfunction. The fate of the toxicity of hexavalent chromium depends on its oxidation state. The reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) is responsible for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chromium intermediate species, such as Cr (V) and Cr (IV). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for oxidative tissue damage and the disruption of cell organelles, such as mitochondria, DNA, RNA and protein molecules. Cr (VI)-induced oxidative stress can be neutralised by the antioxidant system in human and animal cells. In this review, the authors summarise the Cr (VI) source, toxicity and antioxidant defence mechanism against Cr (VI)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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spelling pubmed-97747492022-12-23 Hexavalent-Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Protective Role of Antioxidants against Cellular Toxicity Singh, Veer Singh, Nidhi Verma, Manisha Kamal, Rashmi Tiwari, Ritesh Sanjay Chivate, Mahesh Rai, Sachchida Nand Kumar, Ashish Singh, Anupama Singh, Mohan P. Vamanu, Emanuel Mishra, Vishal Antioxidants (Basel) Review Hexavalent chromium is a highly soluble environmental contaminant. It is a widespread anthropogenic chromium species that is 100 times more toxic than trivalent chromium. Leather, chrome plating, coal mining and paint industries are the major sources of hexavalent chromium in water. Hexavalent chromium is widely recognised as a carcinogen and mutagen in humans and other animals. It is also responsible for multiorgan damage, such as kidney damage, liver failure, heart failure, skin disease and lung dysfunction. The fate of the toxicity of hexavalent chromium depends on its oxidation state. The reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) is responsible for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chromium intermediate species, such as Cr (V) and Cr (IV). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for oxidative tissue damage and the disruption of cell organelles, such as mitochondria, DNA, RNA and protein molecules. Cr (VI)-induced oxidative stress can be neutralised by the antioxidant system in human and animal cells. In this review, the authors summarise the Cr (VI) source, toxicity and antioxidant defence mechanism against Cr (VI)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). MDPI 2022-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9774749/ /pubmed/36552581 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122375 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Singh, Veer
Singh, Nidhi
Verma, Manisha
Kamal, Rashmi
Tiwari, Ritesh
Sanjay Chivate, Mahesh
Rai, Sachchida Nand
Kumar, Ashish
Singh, Anupama
Singh, Mohan P.
Vamanu, Emanuel
Mishra, Vishal
Hexavalent-Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Protective Role of Antioxidants against Cellular Toxicity
title Hexavalent-Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Protective Role of Antioxidants against Cellular Toxicity
title_full Hexavalent-Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Protective Role of Antioxidants against Cellular Toxicity
title_fullStr Hexavalent-Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Protective Role of Antioxidants against Cellular Toxicity
title_full_unstemmed Hexavalent-Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Protective Role of Antioxidants against Cellular Toxicity
title_short Hexavalent-Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Protective Role of Antioxidants against Cellular Toxicity
title_sort hexavalent-chromium-induced oxidative stress and the protective role of antioxidants against cellular toxicity
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9774749/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36552581
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122375
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