Extracellular and Intracellular Concentrations of Molybdenum and Zinc in Soccer Players: Sex Differences

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Zinc (Zn) and molybdenum (Mo) are trace minerals elements (TMEs) found in plant and animal foods. TMEs play an important role in various metabolic functions of the body. Regulation of TMEs in blood and tissues is important for these functions both at rest and during physical exercise and it is known that physical exercise can cause a redistribution of TMEs between body stores, blood and tissues. This study analyzed sex differences in plasma, urine, erythrocytes and platelets concentrations of Zn and Mo in soccer players and related these concentrations to biochemical parameters of muscle damage. The present study involved 68 male and 70 female soccer players. Erythrocytes, platelets, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values were also determined. In addition, nutritional intake, body composition, and physical condition were assessed. Men soccer players obtained higher plasma and urinary concentrations of Mo and Zn. Women soccer players showed higher Zn concentrations in erythrocytes. Extracellular concentrations of Mo and Zn were higher in male soccer players. However, the women soccer players showed higher erythrocyte Zn concentrations. ABSTRACT: Molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn) play important roles in the process of adaptation to physical training. The aims of the present study were: (i) to analyze the differences in extracellular (plasma and urine) and intracellular (erythrocytes and platelets) Mo and Zn concentrations between sexes and (ii) to relate extracellular Zn concentrations with biomarkers of muscle damage and muscle mass. The present study involved 138 semi-professional soccer players divided according to sex: male (n = 68) and female (n = 70). Mo and Zn concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Erythrocytes, platelets, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values were also determined by automatic cell counter and spectrophotometric techniques. There were no sex differences in Mo and Zn intake. Male soccer players obtained higher values of erythrocytes, CK, and LDH (p < 0.05), and showed higher plasma and urinary concentrations of Mo and Zn (p < 0.05). Female soccer players showed relatively higher Zn concentrations in erythrocytes (p < 0.05). Finally, positive correlations were observed between extracellular Zn concentrations with CK, LDH and muscle mass. Extracellular concentrations of Mo and Zn were higher in male soccer players. However, the relative concentrations of Zn in relation to the number of erythrocytes were higher in female soccer players.