Chrysanthemum: A Comprehensive Review on Recent Developments on In Vitro Regeneration

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Chrysanthemums are the second most important floricultural (cut-flower) crop after roses. A very well-studied topic, in vitro propagation of Chrysanthemums is making significant strides every year. An overview of in vitro propagation of Chrysanthemum in the wider plant science literature is presented in this review. The review presents a comprehensive understanding of the recently described methods of sterilization, plant growth regulators, hormonal combinations, acclimation efficiency, and light conditions for the rapid and cost-effective in vitro regeneration of Chrysanthemum in the last decade. ABSTRACT: Chrysanthemum is a flowering plant grown worldwide and is one of the most popular ornamental plants. Chrysanthemums are usually cultivated using root suckers and shoot cuttings. This conventional technique is relatively slow. In addition, as cuttings are gained regularly from mother plants, there is a chance of viral infection and degeneration, which raises the production cost. The hurdles mentioned above have been managed by applying in vitro propagation techniques, which can enhance reproduction rates through in vitro culture and use very small explants, which are impossible with the conventional approach. Usually, it is difficult to get true-to-type plants as the parents with good quality, but clonal propagation of a designated elite species makes it possible. Hence, this review highlights recent studies of the in vitro propagation of Chrysanthemum included; the appropriate explant sources, medium compositions, alternative disinfection of culture media, plant growth regulators (PGRs), different mutagenesis applications, acclimatization efficiency, and alternative light sources to overcome the shortcomings of conventional propagation techniques.