Protein Targeting to Glycogen (PTG): A Promising Player in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism

Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are widely considered to be the key regulatory factors of cell function, and are often referred to as “molecular switches” in the regulation of cell metabolic processes. A large number of studies have shown that the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of related signal molecules plays a key role in the regulation of liver glucose and lipid metabolism. As a new therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases, the potential of using inhibitor-based therapies to fight diabetes has gained scientific momentum. PTG, a protein phosphatase, also known as glycogen targeting protein, is a member of the protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) family. It can play a role by catalyzing the dephosphorylation of phosphorylated protein molecules, especially regulating many aspects of glucose and lipid metabolism. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of PTG in glucose and lipid metabolism, and update its role in metabolic regulation, with special attention to glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism.