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Unconventional Myosins from Caenorhabditis elegans as a Probe to Study Human Orthologues
Unconventional myosins are a superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that perform a number of roles in fundamental cellular processes, including (but not limited to) intracellular trafficking, cell motility, endocytosis, exocytosis and cytokinesis. 40 myosins genes have been identified in humans,...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9775386/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36551317 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12121889 |
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author | Johnson, Chloe A Behbehani, Ranya Buss, Folma |
author_facet | Johnson, Chloe A Behbehani, Ranya Buss, Folma |
author_sort | Johnson, Chloe A |
collection | PubMed |
description | Unconventional myosins are a superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that perform a number of roles in fundamental cellular processes, including (but not limited to) intracellular trafficking, cell motility, endocytosis, exocytosis and cytokinesis. 40 myosins genes have been identified in humans, which belong to different 12 classes based on their domain structure and organisation. These genes are widely expressed in different tissues, and mutations leading to loss of function are associated with a wide variety of pathologies while over-expression often results in cancer. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a small, free-living, non-parasitic nematode. ~38% of the genome of C. elegans has predicted orthologues in the human genome, making it a valuable tool to study the function of human counterparts and human diseases. To date, 8 unconventional myosin genes have been identified in the nematode, from 6 different classes with high homology to human paralogues. The hum-1 and hum-5 (heavy chain of an unconventional myosin) genes encode myosin of class I, hum-2 of class V, hum-3 and hum-8 of class VI, hum-6 of class VII and hum-7 of class IX. The hum-4 gene encodes a high molecular mass myosin (307 kDa) that is one of the most highly divergent myosins and is a member of class XII. Mutations in many of the human orthologues are lethal, indicating their essential properties. However, a functional characterisation for many of these genes in C. elegans has not yet been performed. This article reviews the current knowledge of unconventional myosin genes in C. elegans and explores the potential use of the nematode to study the function and regulation of myosin motors to provide valuable insights into their role in diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9775386 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97753862022-12-23 Unconventional Myosins from Caenorhabditis elegans as a Probe to Study Human Orthologues Johnson, Chloe A Behbehani, Ranya Buss, Folma Biomolecules Review Unconventional myosins are a superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that perform a number of roles in fundamental cellular processes, including (but not limited to) intracellular trafficking, cell motility, endocytosis, exocytosis and cytokinesis. 40 myosins genes have been identified in humans, which belong to different 12 classes based on their domain structure and organisation. These genes are widely expressed in different tissues, and mutations leading to loss of function are associated with a wide variety of pathologies while over-expression often results in cancer. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a small, free-living, non-parasitic nematode. ~38% of the genome of C. elegans has predicted orthologues in the human genome, making it a valuable tool to study the function of human counterparts and human diseases. To date, 8 unconventional myosin genes have been identified in the nematode, from 6 different classes with high homology to human paralogues. The hum-1 and hum-5 (heavy chain of an unconventional myosin) genes encode myosin of class I, hum-2 of class V, hum-3 and hum-8 of class VI, hum-6 of class VII and hum-7 of class IX. The hum-4 gene encodes a high molecular mass myosin (307 kDa) that is one of the most highly divergent myosins and is a member of class XII. Mutations in many of the human orthologues are lethal, indicating their essential properties. However, a functional characterisation for many of these genes in C. elegans has not yet been performed. This article reviews the current knowledge of unconventional myosin genes in C. elegans and explores the potential use of the nematode to study the function and regulation of myosin motors to provide valuable insights into their role in diseases. MDPI 2022-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9775386/ /pubmed/36551317 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12121889 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Johnson, Chloe A Behbehani, Ranya Buss, Folma Unconventional Myosins from Caenorhabditis elegans as a Probe to Study Human Orthologues |
title | Unconventional Myosins from Caenorhabditis elegans as a Probe to Study Human Orthologues |
title_full | Unconventional Myosins from Caenorhabditis elegans as a Probe to Study Human Orthologues |
title_fullStr | Unconventional Myosins from Caenorhabditis elegans as a Probe to Study Human Orthologues |
title_full_unstemmed | Unconventional Myosins from Caenorhabditis elegans as a Probe to Study Human Orthologues |
title_short | Unconventional Myosins from Caenorhabditis elegans as a Probe to Study Human Orthologues |
title_sort | unconventional myosins from caenorhabditis elegans as a probe to study human orthologues |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9775386/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36551317 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12121889 |
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