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Fourth Dose of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Transiently Reactivates Spike-Specific Immunological Memory in People Living with HIV (PLWH)
Background: People Living With HIV (PLWH), with advanced disease, lower CD4+ T cell counts or an unsuppressed HIV viral load can have a suboptimal vaccine response. For this reason, in the current COVID-19 pandemic, they represent a prioritized population for the SARS-CoV-2 fourth (or second booster...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9775459/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36552017 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10123261 |
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author | Lamacchia, Giulia Salvati, Lorenzo Kiros, Seble Tekle Mazzoni, Alessio Vanni, Anna Capone, Manuela Carnasciali, Alberto Farahvachi, Parham Lagi, Filippo Di Lauria, Nicoletta Rocca, Arianna Colao, Maria Grazia Liotta, Francesco Cosmi, Lorenzo Rossolini, Gian Maria Bartoloni, Alessandro Maggi, Laura Annunziato, Francesco |
author_facet | Lamacchia, Giulia Salvati, Lorenzo Kiros, Seble Tekle Mazzoni, Alessio Vanni, Anna Capone, Manuela Carnasciali, Alberto Farahvachi, Parham Lagi, Filippo Di Lauria, Nicoletta Rocca, Arianna Colao, Maria Grazia Liotta, Francesco Cosmi, Lorenzo Rossolini, Gian Maria Bartoloni, Alessandro Maggi, Laura Annunziato, Francesco |
author_sort | Lamacchia, Giulia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: People Living With HIV (PLWH), with advanced disease, lower CD4+ T cell counts or an unsuppressed HIV viral load can have a suboptimal vaccine response. For this reason, in the current COVID-19 pandemic, they represent a prioritized population for the SARS-CoV-2 fourth (or second booster) vaccine dose. This work aims to investigate the effects of a second booster on the reactivation of the spike-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in PLWH. Methods: A total of eight PLWH, who received a fourth dose of the original mRNA vaccines were enrolled. They were evaluated before and then 7 days, 1 month and 2 months after the injection. The humoral response was assessed via a chemiluminescent immunoassay. Immunophenotyping and the functional evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immune responses were performed via flow cytometry. Results: Anti-spike IgG levels were above the cut-off value for all subjects at all timepoints. The spike-specific CD4+ T cell response was reactivated one week after the fourth vaccine dose, and on average declined at two months post-vaccination. A similar trend was observed for the spike-specific B cells. A low percentage of spike-specific CD4+ T cells was activated by the B.1.1.529 BA.1 Omicron-spike mutated peptides, and the majority of these cells were reactive to the conserved portions of the spike protein. Similarly, the majority of the spike-specific memory B cells were able to bind both Wuhan and Omicron-spike entire protein. Conclusions: Spike-specific adaptive immune responses are transiently reactivated in PLWH following the fourth mRNA vaccine dose. The breadth of the immune responses to the mutated spike protein provides insight on the possible cross-reactivity for the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9775459 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97754592022-12-23 Fourth Dose of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Transiently Reactivates Spike-Specific Immunological Memory in People Living with HIV (PLWH) Lamacchia, Giulia Salvati, Lorenzo Kiros, Seble Tekle Mazzoni, Alessio Vanni, Anna Capone, Manuela Carnasciali, Alberto Farahvachi, Parham Lagi, Filippo Di Lauria, Nicoletta Rocca, Arianna Colao, Maria Grazia Liotta, Francesco Cosmi, Lorenzo Rossolini, Gian Maria Bartoloni, Alessandro Maggi, Laura Annunziato, Francesco Biomedicines Article Background: People Living With HIV (PLWH), with advanced disease, lower CD4+ T cell counts or an unsuppressed HIV viral load can have a suboptimal vaccine response. For this reason, in the current COVID-19 pandemic, they represent a prioritized population for the SARS-CoV-2 fourth (or second booster) vaccine dose. This work aims to investigate the effects of a second booster on the reactivation of the spike-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in PLWH. Methods: A total of eight PLWH, who received a fourth dose of the original mRNA vaccines were enrolled. They were evaluated before and then 7 days, 1 month and 2 months after the injection. The humoral response was assessed via a chemiluminescent immunoassay. Immunophenotyping and the functional evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immune responses were performed via flow cytometry. Results: Anti-spike IgG levels were above the cut-off value for all subjects at all timepoints. The spike-specific CD4+ T cell response was reactivated one week after the fourth vaccine dose, and on average declined at two months post-vaccination. A similar trend was observed for the spike-specific B cells. A low percentage of spike-specific CD4+ T cells was activated by the B.1.1.529 BA.1 Omicron-spike mutated peptides, and the majority of these cells were reactive to the conserved portions of the spike protein. Similarly, the majority of the spike-specific memory B cells were able to bind both Wuhan and Omicron-spike entire protein. Conclusions: Spike-specific adaptive immune responses are transiently reactivated in PLWH following the fourth mRNA vaccine dose. The breadth of the immune responses to the mutated spike protein provides insight on the possible cross-reactivity for the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). MDPI 2022-12-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9775459/ /pubmed/36552017 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10123261 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lamacchia, Giulia Salvati, Lorenzo Kiros, Seble Tekle Mazzoni, Alessio Vanni, Anna Capone, Manuela Carnasciali, Alberto Farahvachi, Parham Lagi, Filippo Di Lauria, Nicoletta Rocca, Arianna Colao, Maria Grazia Liotta, Francesco Cosmi, Lorenzo Rossolini, Gian Maria Bartoloni, Alessandro Maggi, Laura Annunziato, Francesco Fourth Dose of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Transiently Reactivates Spike-Specific Immunological Memory in People Living with HIV (PLWH) |
title | Fourth Dose of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Transiently Reactivates Spike-Specific Immunological Memory in People Living with HIV (PLWH) |
title_full | Fourth Dose of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Transiently Reactivates Spike-Specific Immunological Memory in People Living with HIV (PLWH) |
title_fullStr | Fourth Dose of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Transiently Reactivates Spike-Specific Immunological Memory in People Living with HIV (PLWH) |
title_full_unstemmed | Fourth Dose of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Transiently Reactivates Spike-Specific Immunological Memory in People Living with HIV (PLWH) |
title_short | Fourth Dose of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Transiently Reactivates Spike-Specific Immunological Memory in People Living with HIV (PLWH) |
title_sort | fourth dose of mrna covid-19 vaccine transiently reactivates spike-specific immunological memory in people living with hiv (plwh) |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9775459/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36552017 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10123261 |
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