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Learning to Cycle: Is Velocity a Control Parameter for Children’s Cycle Patterns on the Balance Bike?

The balance bike (BB) has been pointed out as being the most efficient learning bicycle due to its inherent stimulation of balance. However, the process of acquiring the control of balance on the BB has not been explored. This study aimed to: (i) categorize the cycle patterns of children on the BB,...

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Autores principales: Mercê, Cristiana, Cordovil, Rita, Catela, David, Galdino, Flávia, Bernardino, Mafalda, Altenburg, Mirjam, António, Gonçalo, Brígida, Nancy, Branco, Marco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9776492/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36553380
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9121937
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author Mercê, Cristiana
Cordovil, Rita
Catela, David
Galdino, Flávia
Bernardino, Mafalda
Altenburg, Mirjam
António, Gonçalo
Brígida, Nancy
Branco, Marco
author_facet Mercê, Cristiana
Cordovil, Rita
Catela, David
Galdino, Flávia
Bernardino, Mafalda
Altenburg, Mirjam
António, Gonçalo
Brígida, Nancy
Branco, Marco
author_sort Mercê, Cristiana
collection PubMed
description The balance bike (BB) has been pointed out as being the most efficient learning bicycle due to its inherent stimulation of balance. However, the process of acquiring the control of balance on the BB has not been explored. This study aimed to: (i) categorize the cycle patterns of children on the BB, (ii) compare the cycle patterns in different stages of learning (before and after six sessions of a BB practice program), and (iii) verify whether velocity is a control parameter leading to transitions between different cycle patterns on a BB. The data were collected during the Learning to Cycle program from 12 children aged 6.06 ± 1.25 years. The velocity was measured using an inertial sensor. Seven different movement patterns were captured and categorized through video analysis. After practice, there was an increase in the mean number of different patterns and in the global mean and maximum velocity. These were interpreted as an improvement of the motor competence in the use of the BB. The results obtained support the hypothesis that velocity is a control parameter which leads to the emergence of diverse patterns of behavior. As the speed increased, the amount of foot contact with the ground became less frequent and the locomotor modes that imply that longer flight phases began to emerge.
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spelling pubmed-97764922022-12-23 Learning to Cycle: Is Velocity a Control Parameter for Children’s Cycle Patterns on the Balance Bike? Mercê, Cristiana Cordovil, Rita Catela, David Galdino, Flávia Bernardino, Mafalda Altenburg, Mirjam António, Gonçalo Brígida, Nancy Branco, Marco Children (Basel) Article The balance bike (BB) has been pointed out as being the most efficient learning bicycle due to its inherent stimulation of balance. However, the process of acquiring the control of balance on the BB has not been explored. This study aimed to: (i) categorize the cycle patterns of children on the BB, (ii) compare the cycle patterns in different stages of learning (before and after six sessions of a BB practice program), and (iii) verify whether velocity is a control parameter leading to transitions between different cycle patterns on a BB. The data were collected during the Learning to Cycle program from 12 children aged 6.06 ± 1.25 years. The velocity was measured using an inertial sensor. Seven different movement patterns were captured and categorized through video analysis. After practice, there was an increase in the mean number of different patterns and in the global mean and maximum velocity. These were interpreted as an improvement of the motor competence in the use of the BB. The results obtained support the hypothesis that velocity is a control parameter which leads to the emergence of diverse patterns of behavior. As the speed increased, the amount of foot contact with the ground became less frequent and the locomotor modes that imply that longer flight phases began to emerge. MDPI 2022-12-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9776492/ /pubmed/36553380 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9121937 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Mercê, Cristiana
Cordovil, Rita
Catela, David
Galdino, Flávia
Bernardino, Mafalda
Altenburg, Mirjam
António, Gonçalo
Brígida, Nancy
Branco, Marco
Learning to Cycle: Is Velocity a Control Parameter for Children’s Cycle Patterns on the Balance Bike?
title Learning to Cycle: Is Velocity a Control Parameter for Children’s Cycle Patterns on the Balance Bike?
title_full Learning to Cycle: Is Velocity a Control Parameter for Children’s Cycle Patterns on the Balance Bike?
title_fullStr Learning to Cycle: Is Velocity a Control Parameter for Children’s Cycle Patterns on the Balance Bike?
title_full_unstemmed Learning to Cycle: Is Velocity a Control Parameter for Children’s Cycle Patterns on the Balance Bike?
title_short Learning to Cycle: Is Velocity a Control Parameter for Children’s Cycle Patterns on the Balance Bike?
title_sort learning to cycle: is velocity a control parameter for children’s cycle patterns on the balance bike?
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9776492/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36553380
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9121937
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