Cargando…

The Nocardia Rubra Cell Wall Skeleton Regulates Macrophages and Promotes Wound Healing

The Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (Nr-CWS) is an immunomodulator used clinically for its ability to modulate the body’s immune function. Macrophages are an important hub of the immune response during wound healing. In this study, we hypothesized that a Nr-CWS could modulate macrophage physiologi...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hu, Kai, Xu, Yan, Li, Xiaoxiao, Du, Pan, Lu, Yichi, Lyu, Guozhong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9777221/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36547069
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb44120408
_version_ 1784856050359336960
author Hu, Kai
Xu, Yan
Li, Xiaoxiao
Du, Pan
Lu, Yichi
Lyu, Guozhong
author_facet Hu, Kai
Xu, Yan
Li, Xiaoxiao
Du, Pan
Lu, Yichi
Lyu, Guozhong
author_sort Hu, Kai
collection PubMed
description The Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (Nr-CWS) is an immunomodulator used clinically for its ability to modulate the body’s immune function. Macrophages are an important hub of the immune response during wound healing. In this study, we hypothesized that a Nr-CWS could modulate macrophage physiological activities, polarize macrophages toward M2, and promote wound healing. Through in vivo experiments, we made two full-thickness excisional wounds on the backs of mice; one was treated with a Nr-CWS, and the other was treated with saline. We photographed and recorded the wound change every other day. We observed the histopathological examination and collagen deposition using H&E and Masson staining, then analyzed the macrophage surface markers using immunofluorescence. Through in vitro experiments, we studied the effect of the Nr-CWS on RAW264.7 cells through CCK8, transwell, flow cytometry, western blot, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. We found that the Nr-CWS can enhance the proliferation, migration, and phagocytosis of macrophages. In addition, it can promote the recruitment of macrophages on the wound surface, polarize macrophages to M2, and increase the expression of pro-healing cytokines. Ultimately, the Nr-CWS accelerated wound healing.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9777221
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-97772212022-12-23 The Nocardia Rubra Cell Wall Skeleton Regulates Macrophages and Promotes Wound Healing Hu, Kai Xu, Yan Li, Xiaoxiao Du, Pan Lu, Yichi Lyu, Guozhong Curr Issues Mol Biol Article The Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (Nr-CWS) is an immunomodulator used clinically for its ability to modulate the body’s immune function. Macrophages are an important hub of the immune response during wound healing. In this study, we hypothesized that a Nr-CWS could modulate macrophage physiological activities, polarize macrophages toward M2, and promote wound healing. Through in vivo experiments, we made two full-thickness excisional wounds on the backs of mice; one was treated with a Nr-CWS, and the other was treated with saline. We photographed and recorded the wound change every other day. We observed the histopathological examination and collagen deposition using H&E and Masson staining, then analyzed the macrophage surface markers using immunofluorescence. Through in vitro experiments, we studied the effect of the Nr-CWS on RAW264.7 cells through CCK8, transwell, flow cytometry, western blot, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. We found that the Nr-CWS can enhance the proliferation, migration, and phagocytosis of macrophages. In addition, it can promote the recruitment of macrophages on the wound surface, polarize macrophages to M2, and increase the expression of pro-healing cytokines. Ultimately, the Nr-CWS accelerated wound healing. MDPI 2022-11-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9777221/ /pubmed/36547069 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb44120408 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hu, Kai
Xu, Yan
Li, Xiaoxiao
Du, Pan
Lu, Yichi
Lyu, Guozhong
The Nocardia Rubra Cell Wall Skeleton Regulates Macrophages and Promotes Wound Healing
title The Nocardia Rubra Cell Wall Skeleton Regulates Macrophages and Promotes Wound Healing
title_full The Nocardia Rubra Cell Wall Skeleton Regulates Macrophages and Promotes Wound Healing
title_fullStr The Nocardia Rubra Cell Wall Skeleton Regulates Macrophages and Promotes Wound Healing
title_full_unstemmed The Nocardia Rubra Cell Wall Skeleton Regulates Macrophages and Promotes Wound Healing
title_short The Nocardia Rubra Cell Wall Skeleton Regulates Macrophages and Promotes Wound Healing
title_sort nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton regulates macrophages and promotes wound healing
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9777221/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36547069
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb44120408
work_keys_str_mv AT hukai thenocardiarubracellwallskeletonregulatesmacrophagesandpromoteswoundhealing
AT xuyan thenocardiarubracellwallskeletonregulatesmacrophagesandpromoteswoundhealing
AT lixiaoxiao thenocardiarubracellwallskeletonregulatesmacrophagesandpromoteswoundhealing
AT dupan thenocardiarubracellwallskeletonregulatesmacrophagesandpromoteswoundhealing
AT luyichi thenocardiarubracellwallskeletonregulatesmacrophagesandpromoteswoundhealing
AT lyuguozhong thenocardiarubracellwallskeletonregulatesmacrophagesandpromoteswoundhealing
AT hukai nocardiarubracellwallskeletonregulatesmacrophagesandpromoteswoundhealing
AT xuyan nocardiarubracellwallskeletonregulatesmacrophagesandpromoteswoundhealing
AT lixiaoxiao nocardiarubracellwallskeletonregulatesmacrophagesandpromoteswoundhealing
AT dupan nocardiarubracellwallskeletonregulatesmacrophagesandpromoteswoundhealing
AT luyichi nocardiarubracellwallskeletonregulatesmacrophagesandpromoteswoundhealing
AT lyuguozhong nocardiarubracellwallskeletonregulatesmacrophagesandpromoteswoundhealing