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COVID-19: Relative Risk of Non-Vaccinated to Vaccinated Individuals

Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, Italy has implemented an extensive vaccination campaign involving individuals above the age of 12, both sexes. The public opinion and the medical community alike questioned the usefulness and efficacy of the vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The widespread...

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Autores principales: Barbieri, Davide, Halasz, Geza, Bertellini, Elisabetta, Gaspari, Arianna, Melegari, Gabriele
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9777237/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36547199
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases10040113
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author Barbieri, Davide
Halasz, Geza
Bertellini, Elisabetta
Gaspari, Arianna
Melegari, Gabriele
author_facet Barbieri, Davide
Halasz, Geza
Bertellini, Elisabetta
Gaspari, Arianna
Melegari, Gabriele
author_sort Barbieri, Davide
collection PubMed
description Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, Italy has implemented an extensive vaccination campaign involving individuals above the age of 12, both sexes. The public opinion and the medical community alike questioned the usefulness and efficacy of the vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The widespread opinion was that the vaccines protected individuals especially against serious conditions which could require intensive care and may lead to the death of the patient rather than against the possibility of infection. In order to quantify the effect of the vaccination campaign, we calculated the relative risks of non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals for all possible outcomes of the disease: infection, hospitalization, admission to intensive care and death. Relative risk was assessed by means of likelihood ratios, the ratios of the probability of an outcome in non-vaccinated individuals to the probability of the same outcome in vaccinated individuals. Results support the hypothesis that vaccination has an extensive protective effect against both critical conditions and death. Nonetheless, the relative magnitude of the protection in vaccinated individuals compared to those non-vaccinated appears to be higher against the former outcome than the latter, for reasons which need to be investigated further.
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spelling pubmed-97772372022-12-23 COVID-19: Relative Risk of Non-Vaccinated to Vaccinated Individuals Barbieri, Davide Halasz, Geza Bertellini, Elisabetta Gaspari, Arianna Melegari, Gabriele Diseases Brief Report Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, Italy has implemented an extensive vaccination campaign involving individuals above the age of 12, both sexes. The public opinion and the medical community alike questioned the usefulness and efficacy of the vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The widespread opinion was that the vaccines protected individuals especially against serious conditions which could require intensive care and may lead to the death of the patient rather than against the possibility of infection. In order to quantify the effect of the vaccination campaign, we calculated the relative risks of non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals for all possible outcomes of the disease: infection, hospitalization, admission to intensive care and death. Relative risk was assessed by means of likelihood ratios, the ratios of the probability of an outcome in non-vaccinated individuals to the probability of the same outcome in vaccinated individuals. Results support the hypothesis that vaccination has an extensive protective effect against both critical conditions and death. Nonetheless, the relative magnitude of the protection in vaccinated individuals compared to those non-vaccinated appears to be higher against the former outcome than the latter, for reasons which need to be investigated further. MDPI 2022-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9777237/ /pubmed/36547199 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases10040113 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Brief Report
Barbieri, Davide
Halasz, Geza
Bertellini, Elisabetta
Gaspari, Arianna
Melegari, Gabriele
COVID-19: Relative Risk of Non-Vaccinated to Vaccinated Individuals
title COVID-19: Relative Risk of Non-Vaccinated to Vaccinated Individuals
title_full COVID-19: Relative Risk of Non-Vaccinated to Vaccinated Individuals
title_fullStr COVID-19: Relative Risk of Non-Vaccinated to Vaccinated Individuals
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19: Relative Risk of Non-Vaccinated to Vaccinated Individuals
title_short COVID-19: Relative Risk of Non-Vaccinated to Vaccinated Individuals
title_sort covid-19: relative risk of non-vaccinated to vaccinated individuals
topic Brief Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9777237/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36547199
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases10040113
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