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Oculo-Cutaneous Albinism Type 4 (OCA4): Phenotype-Genotype Correlation
Albinism is a genetic disorder, present worldwide, caused by mutations in genes affecting melanin production or transport in the skin, hair and eyes. To date, mutations in at least 20 different genes have been identified. Oculo-cutaneous Albinism type IV (OCA4) is the most frequent form in Asia but...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9777904/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36553465 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13122198 |
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author | Moreno-Artero, Ester Morice-Picard, Fanny Lasseaux, Eulalie Robert, Matthieu P. Coste, Valentine Michaud, Vincent Leclerc-Mercier, Stéphanie Bremond-Gignac, Dominique Arveiler, Benoit Hadj-Rabia, Smail |
author_facet | Moreno-Artero, Ester Morice-Picard, Fanny Lasseaux, Eulalie Robert, Matthieu P. Coste, Valentine Michaud, Vincent Leclerc-Mercier, Stéphanie Bremond-Gignac, Dominique Arveiler, Benoit Hadj-Rabia, Smail |
author_sort | Moreno-Artero, Ester |
collection | PubMed |
description | Albinism is a genetic disorder, present worldwide, caused by mutations in genes affecting melanin production or transport in the skin, hair and eyes. To date, mutations in at least 20 different genes have been identified. Oculo-cutaneous Albinism type IV (OCA4) is the most frequent form in Asia but has been reported in all populations, including Europeans. Little is known about the genotype-phenotype correlation. We identified two main phenotypes via the analysis of 30 OCA4 patients with a molecularly proven diagnosis. The first, found in 20 patients, is clinically indistinguishable from the classical OCA1 phenotype. The genotype-to-phenotype correlation suggests that this phenotype is associated with homozygous or compound heterozygous nonsense or deletion variants with frameshift leading to translation interruption in the SLC45A2 gene. The second phenotype, found in 10 patients, is characterized by very mild hypopigmentation of the hair (light brown or even dark hair) and skin that is similar to the general population. In this group, visual acuity is variable, but it can be subnormal, foveal hypoplasia can be low grade or even normal, and nystagmus may be lacking. These mild to moderate phenotypes are associated with at least one missense mutation in SLC45A2. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9777904 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97779042022-12-23 Oculo-Cutaneous Albinism Type 4 (OCA4): Phenotype-Genotype Correlation Moreno-Artero, Ester Morice-Picard, Fanny Lasseaux, Eulalie Robert, Matthieu P. Coste, Valentine Michaud, Vincent Leclerc-Mercier, Stéphanie Bremond-Gignac, Dominique Arveiler, Benoit Hadj-Rabia, Smail Genes (Basel) Article Albinism is a genetic disorder, present worldwide, caused by mutations in genes affecting melanin production or transport in the skin, hair and eyes. To date, mutations in at least 20 different genes have been identified. Oculo-cutaneous Albinism type IV (OCA4) is the most frequent form in Asia but has been reported in all populations, including Europeans. Little is known about the genotype-phenotype correlation. We identified two main phenotypes via the analysis of 30 OCA4 patients with a molecularly proven diagnosis. The first, found in 20 patients, is clinically indistinguishable from the classical OCA1 phenotype. The genotype-to-phenotype correlation suggests that this phenotype is associated with homozygous or compound heterozygous nonsense or deletion variants with frameshift leading to translation interruption in the SLC45A2 gene. The second phenotype, found in 10 patients, is characterized by very mild hypopigmentation of the hair (light brown or even dark hair) and skin that is similar to the general population. In this group, visual acuity is variable, but it can be subnormal, foveal hypoplasia can be low grade or even normal, and nystagmus may be lacking. These mild to moderate phenotypes are associated with at least one missense mutation in SLC45A2. MDPI 2022-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9777904/ /pubmed/36553465 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13122198 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Moreno-Artero, Ester Morice-Picard, Fanny Lasseaux, Eulalie Robert, Matthieu P. Coste, Valentine Michaud, Vincent Leclerc-Mercier, Stéphanie Bremond-Gignac, Dominique Arveiler, Benoit Hadj-Rabia, Smail Oculo-Cutaneous Albinism Type 4 (OCA4): Phenotype-Genotype Correlation |
title | Oculo-Cutaneous Albinism Type 4 (OCA4): Phenotype-Genotype Correlation |
title_full | Oculo-Cutaneous Albinism Type 4 (OCA4): Phenotype-Genotype Correlation |
title_fullStr | Oculo-Cutaneous Albinism Type 4 (OCA4): Phenotype-Genotype Correlation |
title_full_unstemmed | Oculo-Cutaneous Albinism Type 4 (OCA4): Phenotype-Genotype Correlation |
title_short | Oculo-Cutaneous Albinism Type 4 (OCA4): Phenotype-Genotype Correlation |
title_sort | oculo-cutaneous albinism type 4 (oca4): phenotype-genotype correlation |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9777904/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36553465 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13122198 |
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