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Planar Gas Expansion under Intensive Nanosecond Laser Evaporation into Vacuum as Applied to Time-of-Flight Analysis
A computational investigation of the dynamics of gas expansion due to intense nanosecond laser evaporation into vacuum has been carried out. The problem is solved in a one-dimensional approximation, which simplifies calculations and at the same time allows one to analyze the main features of the exp...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9778023/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36554143 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24121738 |
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author | Morozov, Alexey Titarev, Vladimir |
author_facet | Morozov, Alexey Titarev, Vladimir |
author_sort | Morozov, Alexey |
collection | PubMed |
description | A computational investigation of the dynamics of gas expansion due to intense nanosecond laser evaporation into vacuum has been carried out. The problem is solved in a one-dimensional approximation, which simplifies calculations and at the same time allows one to analyze the main features of the expansion dynamics. For analysis we use three different approaches. Two of them are based on kinetic analysis via the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method and numerical solution of the model Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) equation. The third one focuses on derivation of an analytical continuum solution. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of the velocity distribution function and the average energy of particles passing through the time-of-flight detector on the normal to the evaporation surface, which is important for interpreting experimental measurements. The formulated problem is quite difficult as the considered flow is time-dependent, contains discontinuities in boundary conditions and involves large variations of local Knudsen numbers as well as steep gradients of the velocity distribution function. Data were obtained on the particle energy in the time-of-flight distribution for the range of regimes from the free molecular flow to continuum one. The maximum attainable average energy of particles in the time-of-flight distribution is determined. The non-monotonicity of the energy increase was found, which is explained based on analysis of the velocity distribution of particles. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9778023 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97780232022-12-23 Planar Gas Expansion under Intensive Nanosecond Laser Evaporation into Vacuum as Applied to Time-of-Flight Analysis Morozov, Alexey Titarev, Vladimir Entropy (Basel) Article A computational investigation of the dynamics of gas expansion due to intense nanosecond laser evaporation into vacuum has been carried out. The problem is solved in a one-dimensional approximation, which simplifies calculations and at the same time allows one to analyze the main features of the expansion dynamics. For analysis we use three different approaches. Two of them are based on kinetic analysis via the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method and numerical solution of the model Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) equation. The third one focuses on derivation of an analytical continuum solution. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of the velocity distribution function and the average energy of particles passing through the time-of-flight detector on the normal to the evaporation surface, which is important for interpreting experimental measurements. The formulated problem is quite difficult as the considered flow is time-dependent, contains discontinuities in boundary conditions and involves large variations of local Knudsen numbers as well as steep gradients of the velocity distribution function. Data were obtained on the particle energy in the time-of-flight distribution for the range of regimes from the free molecular flow to continuum one. The maximum attainable average energy of particles in the time-of-flight distribution is determined. The non-monotonicity of the energy increase was found, which is explained based on analysis of the velocity distribution of particles. MDPI 2022-11-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9778023/ /pubmed/36554143 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24121738 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Morozov, Alexey Titarev, Vladimir Planar Gas Expansion under Intensive Nanosecond Laser Evaporation into Vacuum as Applied to Time-of-Flight Analysis |
title | Planar Gas Expansion under Intensive Nanosecond Laser Evaporation into Vacuum as Applied to Time-of-Flight Analysis |
title_full | Planar Gas Expansion under Intensive Nanosecond Laser Evaporation into Vacuum as Applied to Time-of-Flight Analysis |
title_fullStr | Planar Gas Expansion under Intensive Nanosecond Laser Evaporation into Vacuum as Applied to Time-of-Flight Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Planar Gas Expansion under Intensive Nanosecond Laser Evaporation into Vacuum as Applied to Time-of-Flight Analysis |
title_short | Planar Gas Expansion under Intensive Nanosecond Laser Evaporation into Vacuum as Applied to Time-of-Flight Analysis |
title_sort | planar gas expansion under intensive nanosecond laser evaporation into vacuum as applied to time-of-flight analysis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9778023/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36554143 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24121738 |
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