Anastomotic Leakage after Oesophagectomy: Upper Endoscopy or Computed Tomography First? Time Is of the Essence

Introduction: Anastomotic leakage (AL) following oesophageal surgery is the most feared complication. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to diagnose it in a timely and safe manner. The diagnostic algorithm, however, differs across institutions world-wide, with no clear consensus or guidelines. The aim of this study was to analyse whether computed tomography (CT) or upper endoscopy (UE) should be performed first. Material and Methods: Records of 185 patients undergoing oesophageal surgery for underlying malignancy were analysed. All patients that developed an AL were further analysed. Results of CT and UE were compared to calculate sensitivity. Results: Overall, 33 out of 185 patients were diagnosed with an AL after oesophagectomy. All patients received a CT and a UE. The CT identified 23 out of 33 patients correctly. Sensitivity was 69.7% for CT, compared to 100% for UE. Conclusion: If patients are clinically suspicious regarding development of an AL after oesophagectomy, UE should be performed prior to CT as it has a sensitivity of 100%. In addition, treatment by means of endoluminal vacuum therapy (EVT) or self-expanding-metal stents (SEMS) can be initiated promptly.