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Genetic Variants at the Nebulette Locus Are Associated with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease Severity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
The most common cardiovascular disease in domestic dogs is myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), accounting for 75% of all cardiac disease. An increase in age is generally associated with increased incidence of the disease, but Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) exhibit an unusually high preval...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9778376/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36553559 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13122292 |
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author | Mead, Sophie E. Beijerink, Niek J. O’Brien, Mitchell Wade, Claire M. |
author_facet | Mead, Sophie E. Beijerink, Niek J. O’Brien, Mitchell Wade, Claire M. |
author_sort | Mead, Sophie E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The most common cardiovascular disease in domestic dogs is myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), accounting for 75% of all cardiac disease. An increase in age is generally associated with increased incidence of the disease, but Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) exhibit an unusually high prevalence of early-onset MMVD, and thus, potentially greater cardiac morbidity and mortality compared to other breeds. Previous research has suggested that selected candidate risk alleles for MMVD are fixed in CKCSs, including six locations within the Nebulette (NEBL) gene on CFA2. The current study analysed genotypes of 180 Australian CKCSs at the identified risk loci. Of these, 178 were phenotyped for severity of disease by echocardiographic measurements of left atrium to aortic root ratio (LA:Ao) and weight normalised left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVIDdN). Genotyping array markers correctly predicted the genotype at the risk-variant loci in the CKCS population, and the NEBL1, NEBL2 and NEBL3 variants were observed to be in perfect linkage disequilibrium in this cohort. The CKCS cohort included 6/178 dogs being heterozygous for the protective/wild-type alleles at the NEBL locus. The mean LA:Ao and LVIDdN scores of these dogs heterozygous at NEBL1-3 variants were significantly smaller, and with significantly lower variance compared to age-matched CKCSs that were homozygous for risk alleles. The lower cardiac measurements in the heterozygous dogs indicate a significantly reduced risk of severe MMVD disease. Our analysis suggests that despite relative fixation of the NEBL risk alleles, healthy reference alleles at NEBL1-3 exist in low frequency in the CKCS breed and can be used to reduce MMVD severity and mortality. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9778376 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97783762022-12-23 Genetic Variants at the Nebulette Locus Are Associated with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease Severity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels Mead, Sophie E. Beijerink, Niek J. O’Brien, Mitchell Wade, Claire M. Genes (Basel) Article The most common cardiovascular disease in domestic dogs is myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), accounting for 75% of all cardiac disease. An increase in age is generally associated with increased incidence of the disease, but Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) exhibit an unusually high prevalence of early-onset MMVD, and thus, potentially greater cardiac morbidity and mortality compared to other breeds. Previous research has suggested that selected candidate risk alleles for MMVD are fixed in CKCSs, including six locations within the Nebulette (NEBL) gene on CFA2. The current study analysed genotypes of 180 Australian CKCSs at the identified risk loci. Of these, 178 were phenotyped for severity of disease by echocardiographic measurements of left atrium to aortic root ratio (LA:Ao) and weight normalised left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVIDdN). Genotyping array markers correctly predicted the genotype at the risk-variant loci in the CKCS population, and the NEBL1, NEBL2 and NEBL3 variants were observed to be in perfect linkage disequilibrium in this cohort. The CKCS cohort included 6/178 dogs being heterozygous for the protective/wild-type alleles at the NEBL locus. The mean LA:Ao and LVIDdN scores of these dogs heterozygous at NEBL1-3 variants were significantly smaller, and with significantly lower variance compared to age-matched CKCSs that were homozygous for risk alleles. The lower cardiac measurements in the heterozygous dogs indicate a significantly reduced risk of severe MMVD disease. Our analysis suggests that despite relative fixation of the NEBL risk alleles, healthy reference alleles at NEBL1-3 exist in low frequency in the CKCS breed and can be used to reduce MMVD severity and mortality. MDPI 2022-12-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9778376/ /pubmed/36553559 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13122292 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Mead, Sophie E. Beijerink, Niek J. O’Brien, Mitchell Wade, Claire M. Genetic Variants at the Nebulette Locus Are Associated with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease Severity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels |
title | Genetic Variants at the Nebulette Locus Are Associated with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease Severity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels |
title_full | Genetic Variants at the Nebulette Locus Are Associated with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease Severity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels |
title_fullStr | Genetic Variants at the Nebulette Locus Are Associated with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease Severity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels |
title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Variants at the Nebulette Locus Are Associated with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease Severity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels |
title_short | Genetic Variants at the Nebulette Locus Are Associated with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease Severity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels |
title_sort | genetic variants at the nebulette locus are associated with myxomatous mitral valve disease severity in cavalier king charles spaniels |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9778376/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36553559 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13122292 |
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