Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan/Gelatin/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Ternary Blend Film Incorporated with Duchesnea indica Extract in Strawberry Applications

Chitosan (CTS)/gelatin (GEL)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based composite films with different concentrations of Duchesnea indica extract (DIE) (6.25 and 25 mg/mL), an antimicrobial agent, were manufactured using a casting technique. Results indicated that elongation at break decreased as DIE was added at higher concentrations. Composite films showed no significant differences in thickness, tensile strength, and water vapor permeability. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that DIE was successfully incorporated into film matrices to interact with polymers. The addition of DIE to the film inhibited the growth of S. aureus by up to 4.9 log CFU/mL. The inhibitory effect on S. aureus using DIE-incorporated coating applied to strawberries was greatest at room temperature storage for 24 h only when it was coated twice or more. The maximum inhibition in strawberries was 2.5 log CFU/g when they were coated twice and 3.2 log CFU/g when they were coated three times. The results of this study suggest that DIE could be used as a natural antimicrobial agent, and DIE-integrated CTS/GEL/PVA films or coatings have potential as a food packaging alternative for preventing foodborne pathogen contamination.