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Fast Chromatographic Determination of Free Amino Acids in Bee Pollen
The consumption of bee pollen has increased in the last few years due to its nutritional and health-promoting properties, which are directly related to its bioactive constituents, such as amino acids. Currently, there is great interest in understanding the role of these in bee products as it provide...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9778440/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36553756 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11244013 |
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author | Martín-Gómez, Beatriz Salahange, Laura Tapia, Jesús A. Martín, María T. Ares, Ana M. Bernal, José |
author_facet | Martín-Gómez, Beatriz Salahange, Laura Tapia, Jesús A. Martín, María T. Ares, Ana M. Bernal, José |
author_sort | Martín-Gómez, Beatriz |
collection | PubMed |
description | The consumption of bee pollen has increased in the last few years due to its nutritional and health-promoting properties, which are directly related to its bioactive constituents, such as amino acids. Currently, there is great interest in understanding the role of these in bee products as it provides relevant information, e.g., regarding nutritional value or geographical and botanical origins. In the present study, two fast chromatographic methods were adapted based on commercial EZ:faast™ kits for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for determining free amino acids in bee pollen. Both methods involved the extraction of amino acids with water, followed by a solid phase extraction to eliminate interfering compounds, and a derivatization of the amino acids prior to their chromatographic separation. The best results in terms of run time (<7 min), matrix effect, and limits of quantification (3–75 mg/kg) were obtained when gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was employed. This latter methodology was applied to analyze several bee pollen samples obtained from local markets and experimental apiaries. The findings obtained from a statistical examination based on principal component analysis showed that bee pollen samples from commercial or experimental apiaries were different in their amino acid composition. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9778440 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-97784402022-12-23 Fast Chromatographic Determination of Free Amino Acids in Bee Pollen Martín-Gómez, Beatriz Salahange, Laura Tapia, Jesús A. Martín, María T. Ares, Ana M. Bernal, José Foods Article The consumption of bee pollen has increased in the last few years due to its nutritional and health-promoting properties, which are directly related to its bioactive constituents, such as amino acids. Currently, there is great interest in understanding the role of these in bee products as it provides relevant information, e.g., regarding nutritional value or geographical and botanical origins. In the present study, two fast chromatographic methods were adapted based on commercial EZ:faast™ kits for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for determining free amino acids in bee pollen. Both methods involved the extraction of amino acids with water, followed by a solid phase extraction to eliminate interfering compounds, and a derivatization of the amino acids prior to their chromatographic separation. The best results in terms of run time (<7 min), matrix effect, and limits of quantification (3–75 mg/kg) were obtained when gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was employed. This latter methodology was applied to analyze several bee pollen samples obtained from local markets and experimental apiaries. The findings obtained from a statistical examination based on principal component analysis showed that bee pollen samples from commercial or experimental apiaries were different in their amino acid composition. MDPI 2022-12-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9778440/ /pubmed/36553756 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11244013 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Martín-Gómez, Beatriz Salahange, Laura Tapia, Jesús A. Martín, María T. Ares, Ana M. Bernal, José Fast Chromatographic Determination of Free Amino Acids in Bee Pollen |
title | Fast Chromatographic Determination of Free Amino Acids in Bee Pollen |
title_full | Fast Chromatographic Determination of Free Amino Acids in Bee Pollen |
title_fullStr | Fast Chromatographic Determination of Free Amino Acids in Bee Pollen |
title_full_unstemmed | Fast Chromatographic Determination of Free Amino Acids in Bee Pollen |
title_short | Fast Chromatographic Determination of Free Amino Acids in Bee Pollen |
title_sort | fast chromatographic determination of free amino acids in bee pollen |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9778440/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36553756 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11244013 |
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