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Fast Chromatographic Determination of Free Amino Acids in Bee Pollen

The consumption of bee pollen has increased in the last few years due to its nutritional and health-promoting properties, which are directly related to its bioactive constituents, such as amino acids. Currently, there is great interest in understanding the role of these in bee products as it provide...

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Autores principales: Martín-Gómez, Beatriz, Salahange, Laura, Tapia, Jesús A., Martín, María T., Ares, Ana M., Bernal, José
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9778440/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36553756
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11244013
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author Martín-Gómez, Beatriz
Salahange, Laura
Tapia, Jesús A.
Martín, María T.
Ares, Ana M.
Bernal, José
author_facet Martín-Gómez, Beatriz
Salahange, Laura
Tapia, Jesús A.
Martín, María T.
Ares, Ana M.
Bernal, José
author_sort Martín-Gómez, Beatriz
collection PubMed
description The consumption of bee pollen has increased in the last few years due to its nutritional and health-promoting properties, which are directly related to its bioactive constituents, such as amino acids. Currently, there is great interest in understanding the role of these in bee products as it provides relevant information, e.g., regarding nutritional value or geographical and botanical origins. In the present study, two fast chromatographic methods were adapted based on commercial EZ:faast™ kits for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for determining free amino acids in bee pollen. Both methods involved the extraction of amino acids with water, followed by a solid phase extraction to eliminate interfering compounds, and a derivatization of the amino acids prior to their chromatographic separation. The best results in terms of run time (<7 min), matrix effect, and limits of quantification (3–75 mg/kg) were obtained when gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was employed. This latter methodology was applied to analyze several bee pollen samples obtained from local markets and experimental apiaries. The findings obtained from a statistical examination based on principal component analysis showed that bee pollen samples from commercial or experimental apiaries were different in their amino acid composition.
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spelling pubmed-97784402022-12-23 Fast Chromatographic Determination of Free Amino Acids in Bee Pollen Martín-Gómez, Beatriz Salahange, Laura Tapia, Jesús A. Martín, María T. Ares, Ana M. Bernal, José Foods Article The consumption of bee pollen has increased in the last few years due to its nutritional and health-promoting properties, which are directly related to its bioactive constituents, such as amino acids. Currently, there is great interest in understanding the role of these in bee products as it provides relevant information, e.g., regarding nutritional value or geographical and botanical origins. In the present study, two fast chromatographic methods were adapted based on commercial EZ:faast™ kits for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for determining free amino acids in bee pollen. Both methods involved the extraction of amino acids with water, followed by a solid phase extraction to eliminate interfering compounds, and a derivatization of the amino acids prior to their chromatographic separation. The best results in terms of run time (<7 min), matrix effect, and limits of quantification (3–75 mg/kg) were obtained when gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was employed. This latter methodology was applied to analyze several bee pollen samples obtained from local markets and experimental apiaries. The findings obtained from a statistical examination based on principal component analysis showed that bee pollen samples from commercial or experimental apiaries were different in their amino acid composition. MDPI 2022-12-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9778440/ /pubmed/36553756 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11244013 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Martín-Gómez, Beatriz
Salahange, Laura
Tapia, Jesús A.
Martín, María T.
Ares, Ana M.
Bernal, José
Fast Chromatographic Determination of Free Amino Acids in Bee Pollen
title Fast Chromatographic Determination of Free Amino Acids in Bee Pollen
title_full Fast Chromatographic Determination of Free Amino Acids in Bee Pollen
title_fullStr Fast Chromatographic Determination of Free Amino Acids in Bee Pollen
title_full_unstemmed Fast Chromatographic Determination of Free Amino Acids in Bee Pollen
title_short Fast Chromatographic Determination of Free Amino Acids in Bee Pollen
title_sort fast chromatographic determination of free amino acids in bee pollen
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9778440/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36553756
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11244013
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