Combining Abilities and Heterotic Patterns among Early Maturing Maize Inbred Lines under Optimal and Striga-Infested Environments

Information on the general combining ability of inbred lines and the specific combining ability of hybrid combinations is crucial for successful hybrid development. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the combining ability of thirty selected early maturing maize inbred lines under Striga-infested and optimal environments, (ii) classify the inbred lines into heterotic groups using the general combining ability effects of multiple traits (HGCAMT) and the single nucleotide polymorphism genetic distance (SNP- GD) methods, and (iii) assess the effectiveness of the heterotic grouping methods. One hundred and fifty single-cross hybrids were generated from the thirty inbred lines using the North Carolina Design II mating method. The hybrids and six local check varieties were tested across optimal and Striga-infested environments in Ghana and Nigeria in 2016 and 2017. The inheritance of grain yield was controlled by the non-additive gene action under both environments and the additive gene action across the two research environments. The non-additive gene action modulated the inheritance of measured traits under Striga-infested environments, except for the Striga damage syndrome rating at 8 weeks after planting. Maternal effects were observed for most traits in each environment and across environments. The inbred lines TZEI 127 and TZEI 40 exhibited significant and positive GCA male and female effects for grain yield under each environment and across the two research environments, indicating the presence of favorable alleles for yield improvements. The SNP-GD heterotic grouping method was identified as the most adequate in grouping the thirty inbred lines.